{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:21:04Z","timestamp":1792650064850,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Television viewing has been associated with greater subsequent attention problems in children. Few studies have examined the possibility of a similar association between video games and attention problems, and none of these has used a longitudinal design.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A sample of 1323 middle childhood participants were assessed during a 13-month period by parent- and child-reported television and video game exposure as well as teacher-reported attention problems. Another sample of 210 late adolescent\/early adult participants provided self-reports of television exposure, video game exposure, and attention problems.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Exposure to television and video games was associated with greater attention problems. The association of television and video games to attention problems in the middle childhood sample remained significant when earlier attention problems and gender were statistically controlled. The associations of screen media and attention problems were similar across media type (television or video games) and age (middle childhood or late adolescent\/early adult).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Viewing television and playing video games each are associated with increased subsequent attention problems in childhood. It seems that a similar association among television, video games, and attention problems exists in late adolescence and early adulthood. Research on potential risk factors for attention problems should be expanded to include video games in addition to television.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-1508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,6]],"date-time":"2010-07-06T00:24:41Z","timestamp":1278375881000},"page":"214-221","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":388,"title":["Television and Video Game Exposure and the Development of Attention Problems"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Edward L.","family":"Swing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas A.","family":"Gentile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa;"},{"name":"National Institute of Media and the Family, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig A.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa;"},{"name":"Center for the Study of Violence, Ames, Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Media and the Family, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2021120820101489000_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-4405(02)00100-0","article-title":"Academic underachievement and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: the negative impact of symptom severity on school performance","volume":"40","author":"Barry","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Sch Psychol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120820101489000_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JACP.0000037784.80885.1a","article-title":"Significance of childhood conduct problems to later development of conduct disorder among children with ADHD: a prospective follow-up study","volume":"32","author":"Mannuzza","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120820101489000_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.4.708","article-title":"Early television exposure and subsequent attentional problems in children","volume":"113","author":"Christakis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120820101489000_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsl035","article-title":"Brief report: television viewing and risk for attention problems in preschool children","volume":"32","author":"Miller","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pediatr Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120820101489000_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-3973(00)00060-5","article-title":"Television viewing and attentional abilities in fourth and fifth grade children","volume":"21","author":"Levine","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Appl Dev Psychol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021120820101489000_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.156.9.910","article-title":"Behavioral correlates of television viewing in primary school children evaluated by the child behavior checklist","volume":"156","author":"Ozmert","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120820101489000_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1080\/15213260701291387","article-title":"Comparing television use and reading in children with ADHD and non-referred children across two age groups","volume":"9","author":"Acevedo-Polakovich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Media Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120820101489000_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0978","article-title":"Does childhood television viewing lead to attention problems in adolescence? Results from a prospective longitudinal study","volume":"120","author":"Landhuis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120820101489000_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.161.5.480","article-title":"Extensive television viewing and the development of attention and learning difficulties during adolescence","volume":"161","author":"Johnson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120820101489000_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-3573","article-title":"Children's television exposure and behavioral and social outcomes at 5.5 years: does timing of exposure matter?","volume":"120","author":"Mistry","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120820101489000_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-3322","article-title":"Associations between content types of early media exposure and subsequent attentional problems","volume":"120","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120820101489000_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0863","article-title":"There is no meaningful relationship between television exposure and symptoms of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"117","author":"Stevens","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120820101489000_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-0954","article-title":"Does children's watching of television cause attention problems? Retesting the hypothesis in a Danish cohort","volume":"114","author":"Obel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120820101489000_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02769779","article-title":"The effects of TV program pacing on the behavior of preschool children","volume":"25","author":"Anderson","year":"1977","journal-title":"AV Commun Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120820101489000_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.3102\/00346543051002193","article-title":"Out-of-school television and schooling: hypotheses and methods","volume":"51","author":"Hornik","year":"1981","journal-title":"Rev Educ Res"},{"key":"2021120820101489000_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-859X-5-16","article-title":"A cross-sectional analysis of video games and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in adolescents","volume":"5","author":"Chan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120820101489000_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2007.11.002","article-title":"Attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and video games: a comparative study of hyperactive and control children","volume":"23","author":"Bioulac","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120820101489000_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2009.02340.x","article-title":"Pathological video-game use among youth ages 8\u201318: a national study","volume":"20","author":"Gentile","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120820101489000_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.20022","article-title":"Media violence exposure and executive functioning in aggressive and control adolescents","volume":"61","author":"Kronenberger","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120820101489000_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2009.00925.x","article-title":"A negative association between video game experience and proactive cognitive control","volume":"47","author":"Bailey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"6939","key":"2021120820101489000_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01647","article-title":"Action video game modifies visual selective attention","volume":"423","author":"Green","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120820101489000_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.32.6.1465","article-title":"Effect of action video games on the spatial distribution of visuospatial attention","volume":"32","author":"Green","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform"},{"issue":"8\u20139","key":"2021120820101489000_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2009.02.002","article-title":"The development of attention skills in action video game players","volume":"47","author":"Dye","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120820101489000_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2005.02.004","article-title":"The effects of action video game experience on the time course of inhibition of return and the efficiency of visual search","volume":"119","author":"Castel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Psychol (Amst)"},{"key":"2021120820101489000_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-7-49","article-title":"Evaluation of a multiple ecological level child obesity prevention program: switch what you do, view, and chew","volume":"7","author":"Gentile","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120820101489000_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2003.10.002","article-title":"The effects of violent video game habits on adolescent hostility, aggressive behaviors, and school performance","volume":"27","author":"Gentile","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Adolesc"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120820101489000_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291704002892","article-title":"The World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS): a short screening scale for use in the general population","volume":"35","author":"Kessler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120820101489000_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-3506.2004.00263.x","article-title":"High self-control predicts good adjustment, less pathology, better grades, and interpersonal success","volume":"72","author":"Tangney","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pers"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120820101489000_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(199511)51:6<768::AID-JCLP2270510607>3.0.CO;2-1","article-title":"Factor structure of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale","volume":"51","author":"Patton","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120820101489000_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.121.1.65","article-title":"Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: constructing a unifying theory of ADHD","volume":"121","author":"Barkley","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120820101489000_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.62.3.254","article-title":"Transforming odds ratios into correlations for meta-analytic research","volume":"62","author":"Bonett","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120820101489000_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.2.423","article-title":"American Academy of Pediatrics: children, adolescents, and television","volume":"107","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Public Education","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120820101489000_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2146","article-title":"From the American Academy of Pediatrics: policy statement\u2014media violence","volume":"124","author":"Council on Communications and Media","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2021120820101489000_B34","volume-title":"LISREL 8: User's Reference Guide","author":"Joreskog","year":"1996"},{"issue":"6\u20137","key":"2021120820101489000_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.56.6-7.477","article-title":"Media violence and the American public: scientific facts versus media misinformation","volume":"56","author":"Bushman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am Psychol"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/126\/2\/214\/1177193\/zpe00810000214.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/126\/2\/214\/1177193\/zpe00810000214.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T23:43:49Z","timestamp":1639007029000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/126\/2\/214\/68553\/Television-and-Video-Game-Exposure-and-the"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,1]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2009-1508","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,1]]}}}