{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T10:53:25Z","timestamp":1791024805763,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,1]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n We conducted a case-control study to evaluate risk factors for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among children who were aged 3 to 59 months in the era of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n IPD cases were identified through routine surveillance during 2001\u20132004. We matched a median of 3 control subjects to each case patient by age and zip code. We calculated odds ratios for potential risk factors for vaccine-type and non\u2013vaccine-type IPD by using multivariable conditional logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n We enrolled 782 case patients (45% vaccine-type IPD) and 2512 matched control subjects. Among children who received any PCV7, children were at increased risk for vaccine-type IPD when they had underlying illnesses, were male, or had no health care coverage. Vaccination with PCV7 did not influence the risk for non\u2013vaccine-type IPD. Presence of underlying illnesses increased the risk for non\u2013vaccine-type IPD, particularly among children who were not exposed to household smoking. Non\u2013vaccine-type case patients were more likely than control subjects to attend group child care, be male, live in low-income households, or have asthma; case patients were less likely than control subjects to live in households with other children.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n Vaccination with PCV7 has reduced the risk for vaccine-type IPD that is associated with race and group child care attendance. Because these factors are still associated with non\u2013vaccine-type IPD risk, additional reductions in disparities should be expected with new, higher valency conjugate vaccines.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,15]],"date-time":"2010-06-15T03:13:31Z","timestamp":1276571611000},"page":"e9-e17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Risk Factors for Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Children in the Era of Conjugate Vaccine Use"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Tamar","family":"Pilishvili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth R.","family":"Zell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica M.","family":"Farley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Emory University, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Schaffner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Lynfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota Department of Health, St Paul, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann-Christine","family":"Nyquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital, Aurora, Colorado;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marietta","family":"Vazquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy M.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur","family":"Reingold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Services, Office of Disease Prevention and Epidemiology, Portland, Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delois","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Schuchat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia G.","family":"Whitney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"13","key":"2021120819571913300_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.13.1729","article-title":"Epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in the U.S., 1995\u20131998: opportunities for prevention in the conjugate vaccine era","volume":"285","author":"Robinson","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"19","key":"2021120819571913300_B2","first-page":"190","article-title":"Challenges in global immunization and the Global Immunization Vision and Strategy 2006\u20132015","volume":"81","year":"2006","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120819571913300_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1086\/315716","article-title":"Serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns of invasive isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae: Alaska, 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