{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T03:02:46Z","timestamp":1792206166658,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,1]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n The incidence of nosocomial infections, predominantly gastrointestinal and respiratory, in children in developed countries is high, ranging from 5% to 44%. There is no effective strategy for preventing these infections. The objective of our study was to investigate the role of Lactobacillus\u2008GG (LGG) in preventing nosocomial gastrointestinal and respiratory tract infections at a pediatric hospital.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 742 hospitalized children. They were randomly allocated to receive for their hospitalization LGG at a dose of 109 colony-forming units in 100 mL of a fermented milk product (LGG group, n = 376) or placebo that was the same postpasteurized fermented milk product without LGG (placebo group, n = 366).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n In the LGG group, compared with the placebo group, we found a significantly reduced risk for gastrointestinal infections (relative risk [RR]: 0.40 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.25\u20130.70]; number needed to treat: 15 [95% CI: 9\u201334)], respiratory tract infections (RR: 0.38 [95% CI: 0.18\u20130.85]; number needed to treat: 30 [95% CI: 16\u2013159]), vomiting episodes (RR: 0.5 [95% CI: 0.3\u20130.9]), diarrheal episodes (RR: 0.24 [95% CI: 0.10\u20130.50]), episodes of gastrointestinal infections that lasted &gt;2 days (RR: 0.40 [95% CI: 0.25\u20130.70]), and episodes of respiratory tract infections that lasted &gt;3 days (RR: 0.4 [95% CI: 0.2\u20130.9]). Groups did not differ in hospitalization duration (P = .1).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n LGG administration can be recommended as a valid measure for decreasing the risk for nosocomial gastrointestinal and respiratory tract infections in pediatric facilities.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,20]],"date-time":"2010-04-20T02:49:39Z","timestamp":1271731779000},"page":"e1171-e1177","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":177,"title":["Lactobacillus<\/i> GG in the Prevention of Nosocomial Gastrointestinal and Respiratory Tract Infections"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Iva","family":"Hojsak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Referral Center for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Klai\u0107eva 16, Zagreb, Croatia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Slaven","family":"Abdovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Referral Center for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Klai\u0107eva 16, Zagreb, Croatia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hania","family":"Szajewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milan","family":"Milo\u0161evi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Environmental and Occupational Health, \u201cAndrija \u0160tampar\u201d School of Public Health, Rockefellerova 4, Zagreb, Croatia; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u017deljko","family":"Krznari\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Kispaticeva 12, Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanja","family":"Kola\u010dek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Referral Center for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Klai\u0107eva 16, Zagreb, Croatia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120905334780000_B1","volume-title":"Prevention of Hospital-acquired Infections","author":"World Health Organization, Department of Communicable Disease, Surveillance and Response","year":"2002"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120905334780000_B2","first-page":"131","article-title":"Unique epidemiology of nosocomial infection in children's hospital","volume":"138","author":"Welliver","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120905334780000_B3","first-page":"578","article-title":"Nosocomial infections in a children's hospital: results of a prospective study covering 3 1\/2 years (author's transl)[in German]","volume":"129","author":"Daschner","year":"1981","journal-title":"Monatsschr Kinderheilkd"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120905334780000_B4","first-page":"149","article-title":"Nosocomial infection in children's hospital: a retrospective study","volume":"30","author":"Polz","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120905334780000_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115555","article-title":"The incidence of viral-associated diarrhea after admission to a pediatric hospital","volume":"131","author":"Ford-Jones","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120905334780000_B6","first-page":"128","article-title":"Use of a prospectively measured incidence rate of nosocomial diarrhea in an infant\/toddler ward as a meaningful quality assessment tool","volume":"3","author":"Ponce","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Perform Qual Health Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120905334780000_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1086\/501755","article-title":"Nosocomial infections in pediatric patients: a European, multicenter prospective study. 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