{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T22:13:40Z","timestamp":1793139220837,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n Prevalence estimates can help clinicians make informed decisions regarding diagnostic testing of children who present with symptoms of pharyngitis. We conducted a meta-analysis to determine the (1) prevalence of streptococcal infection among children who presented with sore throat and (2) prevalence of streptococcal carriage among asymptomatic children.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n We searched Medline for articles on pediatric streptococcal pharyngitis. We included articles in our review when they contained data on the prevalence of group A Streptococcus (GAS) from pharyngeal specimens in children who were younger than 18 years. Two evaluators independently reviewed, rated, and abstracted data from each article. Prevalence estimates were pooled in a meta-analysis and stratified according to age group.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n Of the 266 articles retrieved, 29 met all inclusion criteria. Among children of all ages who present with sore throat, the pooled prevalence of GAS was 37% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 32%\u201343%). Children who were younger than 5 years had a lower prevalence of GAS (24% [95% CI: 21%\u201326%]). The prevalence of GAS carriage among well children with no signs or symptoms of pharyngitis was 12% (95% CI: 9%\u201314%).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n Prevalence rates of GAS disease and carriage varied by age; children who were younger than 5 years had lower rates of throat cultures that were positive for GAS.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,10]],"date-time":"2010-08-10T02:04:35Z","timestamp":1281405875000},"page":"e557-e564","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":386,"title":["Prevalence of Streptococcal Pharyngitis and Streptococcal Carriage in Children: A Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Nader","family":"Shaikh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of General Academic Pediatrics and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swedish Family Medicine Residency Program, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith M.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2021121009425158300_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2003.20215.x","article-title":"Could our pretest probabilities become evidence based? 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