{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T18:32:29Z","timestamp":1793644349995,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This report presents data from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network on care of and morbidity and mortality rates for very low birth weight infants, according to gestational age (GA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Perinatal\/neonatal data were collected for 9575 infants of extremely low GA (22\u201328 weeks) and very low birth weight (401\u20131500 g) who were born at network centers between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2007.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rates of survival to discharge increased with increasing GA (6% at 22 weeks and 92% at 28 weeks); 1060 infants died at \u226412 hours, with most early deaths occurring at 22 and 23 weeks (85% and 43%, respectively). Rates of prenatal steroid use (13% and 53%, respectively), cesarean section (7% and 24%, respectively), and delivery room intubation (19% and 68%, respectively) increased markedly between 22 and 23 weeks. Infants at the lowest GAs were at greatest risk for morbidities. Overall, 93% had respiratory distress syndrome, 46% patent ductus arteriosus, 16% severe intraventricular hemorrhage, 11% necrotizing enterocolitis, and 36% late-onset sepsis. The new severity-based definition of bronchopulmonary dysplasia classified more infants as having bronchopulmonary dysplasia than did the traditional definition of supplemental oxygen use at 36 weeks (68%, compared with 42%). More than one-half of infants with extremely low GAs had undetermined retinopathy status at the time of discharge. Center differences in management and outcomes were identified.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although the majority of infants with GAs of \u226524 weeks survive, high rates of morbidity among survivors continue to be observed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2959","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,23]],"date-time":"2010-08-23T21:54:55Z","timestamp":1282600495000},"page":"443-456","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2335,"title":["Neonatal Outcomes of Extremely Preterm Infants From the NICHD Neonatal Research Network"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Barbara J.","family":"Stoll","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nellie I.","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics and Epidemiology Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward F.","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seetha","family":"Shankaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abbot R.","family":"Laptook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants' Hospital, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele C.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen C.","family":"Hale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy S.","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kurt","family":"Schibler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waldemar A.","family":"Carlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen A.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda B.","family":"Poindexter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil N.","family":"Finer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, University of California, San Diego, Medical Center, San Diego, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Ehrenkranz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahnaz","family":"Duara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo J.","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. Michael","family":"O'Shea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald N.","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krisa P.","family":"Van Meurs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University Palo Alto, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger G.","family":"Faix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dale L.","family":"Phelps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Ivan D.","family":"Frantz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Floating Hospital for Children, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristi L.","family":"Watterberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shampa","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics and Epidemiology Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhik","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics and Epidemiology Unit, RTI International, Rockville, Maryland; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosemary D.","family":"Higgins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2021121009415185600_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.87.5.587","article-title":"Very low birth weight outcomes of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Network","volume":"87","author":"Hack","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121009415185600_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90557-X","article-title":"Very-low-birth-weight outcomes of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Network, November 1989 to October 1990","volume":"172","author":"Hack","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121009415185600_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90628-2","article-title":"Very-low-birth-weight outcomes of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network, May 1991\u2013December 1992","volume":"173","author":"Fanaroff","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121009415185600_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(98)70037-7","article-title":"Very low birth weight outcomes of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network, January 1993 through December 1994","volume":"179","author":"Stevenson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121009415185600_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.1.e1","article-title":"Very low birth weight outcomes of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. 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