{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:29:09Z","timestamp":1791354549414,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To determine whether parental characteristics affect estimates of best interests and intervention decisions for preterm infants.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>DESIGN AND METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study consisted of an anonymous questionnaire given to nurses, physicians, and students. The study included scenarios of 3 sets of parents, including a 16-year-old teenager, a couple who were lawyers, and a couple with a history of in vitro fertilization, about to deliver at 2257 weeks, 24 weeks, or 2757 weeks. Respondents were asked whether active intervention is in the infant's best interests and whether they would comply with family decisions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 1105 questionnaires were sent out, with 829 respondents in Canada and the United States. At 2257 weeks' gestation, 21% of the respondents thought that resuscitation was in the infant's best interest; among respondents who did not agree, 59% would intervene if the parents wished. At 2757 weeks' gestation, 95% of respondents thought that resuscitation was in the infant's best interest, yet 34% would accept comfort care. Estimates of best interest, and willingness to comply, varied significantly by parental characteristics. At 2257 weeks' gestation, 17% of respondents believed that resuscitation was in the best interest of the teenaged mother's infant compared with 26% of respondents who believed that resuscitation was in the best interest for the infants of the others; this difference persisted at 24 weeks. At 2257 and at 24 weeks' gestation, compliance with active care despite believing that it not in the infant's best interest was significantly more frequent for the in vitro fertilization couple and the lawyers than for the teenaged mother. At 27 weeks' gestation, more than 93% of respondents complied for all parents.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Caregivers frequently are ready to intervene actively, or not, despite believing that it is against the infant's best interest. Willingness to do so varies according to parental characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-3010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,29]],"date-time":"2011-03-29T01:32:32Z","timestamp":1301362352000},"page":"e934-e939","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The Influence of Family Characteristics on Perinatal Decision Making"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Kirstie R.","family":"Marcello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John L.","family":"Stefano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware;"},{"name":"Christiana Care Health System, Newark, Delaware"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Lampron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith J.","family":"Barrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sainte Justine University Hospital Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy B.","family":"Mackley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Christiana Care Health System, Newark, Delaware"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annie","family":"Janvier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sainte Justine University Hospital Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121007050966300_B1","first-page":"102","article-title":"Chapter 6","volume-title":"Principles of Biomedical Ethics","author":"Beauchamp","year":"2001","edition":"5th Edition"},{"key":"2021121007050966300_B2","first-page":"528","article-title":"The mentally incompetent patient from the Canadian medical law","volume-title":"Canadian Medical Law: An Introduction for Physicians, Nurses and Other Health Professionals, Third Edition","author":"Sneiderman","year":"2003"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121007050966300_B3","first-page":"532","article-title":"Guidelines on forgoing life-sustaining medical treatment","volume":"93","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Bioethics","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2021121007050966300_B4","volume-title":"Deciding to Forego Life-Sustaining Treatment","author":"President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research","year":"1983"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121007050966300_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1520","article-title":"The best interest standard is not applied for neonatal resuscitation decisions","volume":"121","author":"Janvier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121007050966300_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211428","article-title":"Racial differences in prenatal care of mothers delivering very low birth weight infants","volume":"26","author":"Paul","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121007050966300_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1771","article-title":"Risk factors affecting school readiness in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"124","author":"Patrianakos-Hoobler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121007050966300_B8","first-page":"102","article-title":"Survival and subsequent outcome to five years of age for infants with birth weights less than 801 grams born from 1983 to 1989","volume":"18","author":"Kilbride","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121007050966300_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-199212000-00005","article-title":"The effect of very low birth weight and social risk on neurocognitive abilities at school age","volume":"13","author":"Hack","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Dev Behav Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121007050966300_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s11017-004-3146-6","article-title":"Parental refusals of medical treatment: the Harm Principle as threshold for state intervention","volume":"25","author":"Diekema","year":"2004","journal-title":"Theor Med Bioeth"},{"key":"2021121007050966300_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.99.2.279","article-title":"Religious objections to medical Care","volume":"99","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Bioethics","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2021121007050966300_B12","article-title":"Extreme prematurity, ethical aspects","author":"Danish Council of Ethics","year":"1995"},{"key":"2021121007050966300_B13","unstructured":"Swiss Society of Neonatologists, Guidelines. 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