{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T05:06:42Z","timestamp":1790485602579,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The majority of deaths in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) follow decisions to withdraw life-sustaining treatment. Clinicians use prognostic tests including MRI to help determine prognosis and decide whether to consider treatment withdrawal. A recently published meta-analysis provided valuable information on the prognostic utility of magnetic resonance (MR) biomarkers in HIE and suggested, in particular, that proton MR spectroscopy is the most accurate predictor of neurodevelopmental outcome. How should this evidence influence treatment-limitation decisions? In this article I outline serious limitations in existing prognostic studies of HIE, including small sample size, selection bias, vague and overly inclusive outcome assessment, and potential self-fulfilling prophecies. Such limitations make it difficult to answer the most important prognostic question. Reanalysis of published data reveals that severe abnormalities on conventional MRI in the first week have a sensitivity of 71% (95% confidence interval: 59%\u201391%) and specificity of 84% (95% confidence interval: 68%\u201393%) for very adverse outcome in infants with moderate encephalopathy. On current evidence, MR biomarkers alone are not sufficiently accurate to direct treatment-limitation decisions. Although there may be a role for using MRI or MR spectroscopy in combination with other prognostic markers to identify infants with very adverse outcome, it is not possible from meta-analysis to define this group clearly. There is an urgent need for improved prognostic research into HIE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-3067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,6]],"date-time":"2010-07-06T00:24:41Z","timestamp":1278375881000},"page":"e451-e458","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["MRI and Withdrawal of Life Support From Newborn Infants With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Dominic","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ethox Centre, Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, and Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford, Headington, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9462","key":"2021120820120710600_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71048-5","article-title":"4 million neonatal deaths: when? Where? Why?","volume":"365","author":"Lawn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120820120710600_B2","first-page":"CD003311","article-title":"Cooling for newborns with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy","author":"Jacobs","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"14","key":"2021120820120710600_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0900854","article-title":"Moderate hypothermia to treat perinatal asphyxial encephalopathy","volume":"361","author":"Azzopardi","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021120820120710600_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2009.166","article-title":"End-of-life decisions in Dutch neonatal intensive care units","volume":"163","author":"Verhagen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120820120710600_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F257","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.047985","article-title":"Prevalence, causes, and outcome at 2 years of age of newborn encephalopathy: population based study","volume":"90","author":"Pierrat","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"15","key":"2021120820120710600_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcps050929","article-title":"Whole-body hypothermia for neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy","volume":"353","author":"Shankaran","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021120820120710600_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1976.00500100030012","article-title":"Neonatal encephalopathy following fetal distress: a clinical and electroencephalographic study","volume":"33","author":"Sarnat","year":"1976","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"2021120820120710600_B8","volume-title":"Neurology of the Newborn","author":"Volpe","year":"2008","edition":"5th ed"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120820120710600_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(99)00102-2","article-title":"Neonatal neurologic prognostication: the asphyxiated term newborn","volume":"21","author":"Shevell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120820120710600_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-1046","article-title":"Cerebral magnetic resonance biomarkers for predicting neurodevelopmental outcome following neonatal encephalopathy: a meta-analysis","volume":"125","author":"Thayyil","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021120820120710600_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1188","article-title":"Is there a way to predict outcome in (near) term neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy based on MR imaging?","volume":"29","author":"Liauw","year":"2008","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120820120710600_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F193","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.027334","article-title":"The magnetic resonance revolution in brain imaging: impact on neonatal intensive care","volume":"89","author":"Robertson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021120820120710600_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-006-0164-8","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging in perinatal brain injury: clinical presentation, lesions and outcome","volume":"36","author":"Rutherford","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120820120710600_B14","first-page":"533","article-title":"MR imaging, MR spectroscopy, and diffusion tensor imaging of sequential studies in neonates with encephalopathy","volume":"27","author":"Barkovich","year":"2006","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021120820120710600_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.12.1726","article-title":"Practice parameter: neuroimaging of the neonate: report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society","volume":"58","author":"Ment","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"2021120820120710600_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2007.01136.x","article-title":"Monitoring the neonatal brain: a survey of current practice among Australian and New Zealand neonatologists","volume":"43","author":"Filan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120820120710600_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2003-0935-L","article-title":"Apparent diffusion coefficient in the posterior limb of the internal capsule predicts outcome after perinatal asphyxia","volume":"114","author":"Hunt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2 pt 1","key":"2021120820120710600_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.2.323","article-title":"Abnormal magnetic resonance signal in the internal capsule predicts poor neurodevelopmental outcome in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy","volume":"102","author":"Rutherford","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120820120710600_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-5-20","article-title":"How does study quality affect the results of a diagnostic meta-analysis?","volume":"5","author":"Westwood","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120820120710600_B20","first-page":"143","article-title":"Prediction of neuromotor outcome in perinatal asphyxia: evaluation of MR scoring systems","volume":"19","author":"Barkovich","year":"1998","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021120820120710600_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-005-1524-5","article-title":"Chemical shift imaging and localised magnetic resonance spectroscopy in full-term asphyxiated neonates","volume":"35","author":"Brissaud","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021120820120710600_B22","first-page":"1399","article-title":"Proton MR spectroscopy for the evaluation of brain injury in asphyxiated, term neonates","volume":"20","author":"Barkovich","year":"1999","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120820120710600_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcped.2007.08.027","article-title":"Prognostic value of MR in term neonates with neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopath: MRI score and spectroscopy\u2014about 26 cases [in French]","volume":"15","author":"Meyer-Witte","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021120820120710600_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-986686","article-title":"Relationship between electroencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging findings after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy at term","volume":"24","author":"El-Ayouty","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120820120710600_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.3.461","article-title":"Combined use of electroencephalogram and magnetic resonance imaging in full-term neonates with acute encephalopathy","volume":"107","author":"Biagioni","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2 pt 1","key":"2021120820120710600_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.2.235","article-title":"Head growth in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: correlation with neonatal magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"106","author":"Mercuri","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120820120710600_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-005-0024-y","article-title":"Predicting outcome in term neonates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy using simplified MR criteria","volume":"36","author":"Jyoti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120820120710600_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F145","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.75.3.F145","article-title":"Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy: early and late magnetic resonance imaging findings in relation to outcome","volume":"75","author":"Rutherford","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120820120710600_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2004.04.011","article-title":"Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: correlation of serial MRI and outcome","volume":"31","author":"Belet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120820120710600_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-984449","article-title":"Motor outcome at the age of one after perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy","volume":"38","author":"van Schie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120820120710600_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1073021","article-title":"Prognostic value of early MR imaging in term infants with severe perinatal asphyxia","volume":"25","author":"Kuenzle","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120820120710600_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1993.tb11680.x","article-title":"Proton spectroscopy of the neonatal brain following hypoxic-ischaemic injury","volume":"35","author":"Peden","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120820120710600_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199607000-00002","article-title":"Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain in normal preterm and term infants, and early changes after perinatal hypoxia-ischemia","volume":"40","author":"Penrice","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120820120710600_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1159\/000087628","article-title":"Early diffusion-weighted MRI and 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy in asphyxiated full-term neonates","volume":"88","author":"L'Abee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol Neonate"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021120820120710600_B35","first-page":"1546","article-title":"Proton MR spectroscopy in neonates with perinatal cerebral hypoxic-ischemic injury: metabolite peak-area ratios, relaxation times, and absolute concentrations","volume":"27","author":"Cheong","year":"2006","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120820120710600_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(97)00140-9","article-title":"Prognostic value of 1H-MRS in perinatal CNS insults","volume":"17","author":"Shu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120820120710600_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2976","article-title":"Comparative prognostic utilities of early quantitative magnetic resonance imaging spin-spin relaxometry and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in neonatal encephalopathy","volume":"118","author":"Shanmugalingam","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120820120710600_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0987-7053(00)00061-7","article-title":"Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in the full-term newborn: contribution of electroencephalography and MRI or computed tomography to its prognostic evaluation\u2014apropos of 26 cases [in French]","volume":"30","author":"Gire","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurophysiol Clin"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021120820120710600_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8519.2009.01762.x","article-title":"The window of opportunity: decision theory and the timing of prognostic tests for newborn infants","volume":"23","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioethics"},{"issue":"9460","key":"2021120820120710600_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)17946-X","article-title":"Selective head cooling with mild systemic hypothermia after neonatal encephalopathy: multicentre randomised trial","volume":"365","author":"Gluckman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120820120710600_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2004.06.014","article-title":"Moderate hypothermia in neonatal encephalopathy: efficacy outcomes","volume":"32","author":"Eicher","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120820120710600_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s11017-009-9120-6","article-title":"The self-fulfilling prophecy in intensive care","volume":"30","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Theor Med Bioeth"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120820120710600_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1298","article-title":"Why is the neurological examination so badly neglected in early childhood?","volume":"116","author":"Amiel-Tison","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120820120710600_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041367","article-title":"Neurologic and developmental disability at six years of age after extremely preterm birth","volume":"352","author":"Marlow","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021120820120710600_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2002.019349","article-title":"Can the Griffiths scales predict neuromotor and perceptual-motor impairment in term infants with neonatal encephalopathy?","volume":"89","author":"Barnett","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120820120710600_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0173","article-title":"Poor predictive validity of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development for cognitive function of extremely low birth weight children at school age","volume":"116","author":"Hack","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120820120710600_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200103000-00009","article-title":"Value of (1)H-MRS using different echo times in neonates with cerebral hypoxia-ischemia","volume":"49","author":"Roelants-Van Rijn","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120820120710600_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200112000-00011","article-title":"Early increases in brain myo-inositol measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in term infants with neonatal encephalopathy","volume":"50","author":"Robertson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120820120710600_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012162299000171","article-title":"Relation between proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy within 18 hours of birth asphyxia and neurodevelopment at 1 year of age","volume":"41","author":"Hanrahan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120820120710600_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-992815","article-title":"Prediction of short-term neurological outcome in full-term neonates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy based on combined use of electroencephalogram and neuro-imaging","volume":"38","author":"Leijser","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120820120710600_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-36737","article-title":"Neurological and perceptual-motor outcome at 5\u20136 years of age in children with neonatal encephalopathy: relationship with neonatal brain MRI","volume":"33","author":"Barnett","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120820120710600_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199909000-00007","article-title":"Cerebral intracellular lactic alkalosis persisting months after neonatal encephalopathy measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy","volume":"46","author":"Robertson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120820120710600_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2253011797","article-title":"Prediction of adverse outcome with cerebral lactate level and apparent diffusion coefficient in infants with perinatal asphyxia","volume":"225","author":"Zarifi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021120820120710600_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738040190110501","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: association with neuromotor outcome at 18 months of age","volume":"19","author":"Khong","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021120820120710600_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1136\/jme.2005.013508","article-title":"Is it in the best interests of an intellectually disabled infant to die?","volume":"32","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Ethics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120820120710600_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)83323-2","article-title":"Serial magnetic resonance imaging in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy","volume":"117","author":"Byrne","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120820120710600_B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.163.2.3550882","article-title":"Abnormalities of the neonatal brain: MR imaging. Part II: hypoxic-ischemic brain injury","volume":"163","author":"McArdle","year":"1987","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120820120710600_B58","first-page":"400","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of MR images in asphyxiated neonates: correlation with neurodevelopmental outcome","volume":"22","author":"Coskun","year":"2001","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"2021120820120710600_B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470693926.ch13","article-title":"Systematic reviews of evaluations of prognostic variables","volume-title":"Systematic Reviews in Healthcare: Meta-analysis in Context","author":"Altman","year":"2001"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021120820120710600_B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1099","article-title":"Properties of the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve for diagnostic test data","volume":"21","author":"Walter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"2021120820120710600_B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-6-31","article-title":"Meta-DiSc: a software for meta-analysis of test accuracy data","volume":"6","author":"Zamora","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120820120710600_B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2004.12.026","article-title":"Patterns of brain injury in term neonatal encephalopathy","volume":"146","author":"Miller","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120820120710600_B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70295-9","article-title":"Assessment of brain tissue injury after moderate hypothermia in neonates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy: a nested substudy of a randomised controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"Rutherford","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021120820120710600_B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19980430)17:8<857::AID-SIM777>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Two-sided confidence intervals for the single proportion: comparison of seven methods","volume":"17","author":"Newcombe","year":"1998","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021120820120710600_B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073807306258","article-title":"Amplitude-integrated EEG is useful in predicting neurodevelopmental outcome in full-term infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: a meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Spitzmiller","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021120820120710600_B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073808316364","article-title":"Amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (EEG) for outcome prediction in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: errors in meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Thayyil","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120820120710600_B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(01)00354-X","article-title":"Cranial ultrasound as a predictor of outcome in term newborn encephalopathy","volume":"26","author":"Jongeling","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"8516","key":"2021120820120710600_B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90528-3","article-title":"Cerebral artery Doppler ultrasonography for prediction of outcome after perinatal asphyxia","volume":"2","author":"Archer","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120820120710600_B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2008.05.001","article-title":"A review of developmental outcomes of term infants with post-asphyxia neonatal encephalopathy","volume":"13","author":"Pin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120820120710600_B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7210913","article-title":"Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy improves outcome prediction in perinatal CNS insults","volume":"23","author":"Kadri","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021120820120710600_B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.02.004","article-title":"Prognosis research: toward evidence-based results and a Cochrane methods group","volume":"60","author":"Riley","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120820120710600_B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2008.01127.x","article-title":"Cool heads: ethical issues associated with therapeutic hypothermia for newborns","volume":"98","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"2021120820120710600_B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01769420","article-title":"The effect of temperature on MR relaxation times and signal intensities for human tissues","volume":"1","author":"Petren-mallmin","year":"1993","journal-title":"MAGMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021120820120710600_B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2008.108993","article-title":"Reporting bias in diagnostic and prognostic studies: time for action","volume":"54","author":"Rifai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021120820120710600_B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e297","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040297","article-title":"Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE): explanation and elaboration","volume":"4","author":"Vandenbroucke","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120820120710600_B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1053\/siny.1999.0119","article-title":"Selection of babies for intervention after birth asphyxia","volume":"5","author":"Groenendaal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Semin Neonatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120820120710600_B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2007.00126.x","article-title":"Prognostic tests in babies: do they always help?","volume":"96","author":"Evans","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/126\/2\/e451\/1176744\/zpe0081000e451.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/126\/2\/e451\/1176744\/zpe0081000e451.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T23:47:22Z","timestamp":1639007242000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/126\/2\/e451\/68596\/MRI-and-Withdrawal-of-Life-Support-From-Newborn"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,1]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2009-3067","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,1]]}}}