{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T07:40:36Z","timestamp":1789890036391,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The occurrence of an unusual number of group B streptococcal (GBS) infections in HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants who were followed in our center prompted this study. The objective of this study was to describe and compare the incidence and clinical presentation of GBS infections in infants who were born to HIV-infected and -uninfected mothers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>All cases of invasive GBS infections in infants who were born between 2001 and 2008 were identified from the database of HEU infants and from the microbiology laboratory records. The medical charts of all infants with GBS infection were reviewed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>GBS invasive infections were described for 5 (1.55%) infants who were born to 322 HIV-infected mothers who delivered in our center. The incidence of GBS infections during the same period was 16 (0.08%) of 20 158 infants who were born to HIV-uninfected mothers. One HEU infant presented a recurrent infection 28 days after completion of treatment for the first episode. Late-onset infection was more frequent in HEU infants (5 of 6 vs 2 of 16 episodes in the control population). The diseases were also more severe in HEU infants with 5 of 6 sepsis or sepsis shock in HEU infants versus 10 of 16 in control subjects, and most HEU infants had leukopenia at onset of infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence of GBS infection was significantly higher in HEU infants than in infants who were born to HIV-uninfected mothers. These episodes of GBS sepsis in HEU infants were mostly of late onset and more severe than in the control population, suggesting an increased susceptibility of HEU infants to GBS infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-0183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,24]],"date-time":"2010-08-24T01:54:55Z","timestamp":1282614895000},"page":"e631-e638","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["High Incidence of Invasive Group B Streptococcal Infections in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Cristina","family":"Epalza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tessa","family":"Goetghebuer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Hainaut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fany","family":"Prayez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Barlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrical Department, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Dediste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiological Department, St Pierre University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnaud","family":"Marchant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Immunology, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2021121009432384300_B1","first-page":"458","article-title":"Mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"401","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121009432384300_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2005.00569.x","article-title":"Increasing likelihood of further live births in HIV-infected women in recent years","volume":"112","author":"Agangi","year":"2005","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121009432384300_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.104.5.e56","article-title":"Natural history of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in children: a five-year prospective study in Rwanda. Mother-to-Child HIV-1 Transmission Study Group","volume":"104","author":"Spira","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121009432384300_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmp057","article-title":"Severe Infections in HIV-exposed uninfected infants: clinical evidence of immunodeficiency","volume":"56","author":"Slogrove","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121009432384300_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000264527.69954.4c","article-title":"Child mortality according to maternal and infant HIV status in Zimbabwe","volume":"26","author":"Marinda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121009432384300_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-1856","article-title":"Infectious disease morbidity among young HIV-1-exposed but uninfected infants in Latin American and Caribbean countries: the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development International Site Development Initiative Perinatal Study","volume":"119","author":"Mussi-Pinhata","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"23","key":"2021121009432384300_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199312023292304","article-title":"A prospective study of diarrhea and HIV-1 infection among 429 Zairian infants","volume":"329","author":"Thea","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9571","key":"2021121009432384300_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60670-9","article-title":"Effect of age, polymicrobial disease, and maternal HIV status on treatment response and cause of severe pneumonia in South African children: a prospective descriptive study","volume":"369","author":"McNally","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021121009432384300_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1086\/498029","article-title":"Does severity of HIV disease in HIV-infected mothers affect mortality and morbidity among their uninfected infants?","volume":"41","author":"Kuhn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121009432384300_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2008.00520.x","article-title":"Increased rate of prematurity associated with antenatal antiretroviral therapy in a German\/Austrian cohort of HIV-1-infected women","volume":"9","author":"Grosch-Woerner","year":"2008","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"2021121009432384300_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2913","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200012220-00013","article-title":"Combination antiretroviral therapy and duration of pregnancy","volume":"14","year":"2000","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"24","key":"2021121009432384300_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa991159","article-title":"Antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy and the risk of an adverse outcome","volume":"346","author":"Tuomala","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121009432384300_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000156854.99769.a5","article-title":"Does highly active antiretroviral therapy increase the risk of congenital abnormalities in HIV-infected women?","volume":"40","author":"Patel","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121009432384300_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000162417.62748.cd","article-title":"Does exposure to antiretroviral therapy affect growth in the first 18 months of life in uninfected children born to HIV-infected women?","volume":"40","author":"Hankin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121009432384300_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000148879.83854.7e","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality during the first two years of life among uninfected children born to human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected women: the women and infants transmission study","volume":"24","author":"Paul","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"9306","key":"2021121009432384300_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07717-6","article-title":"Risk of early febrile seizure with perinatal exposure to nucleoside analogues","volume":"359","author":"Landreau-Mascaro","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121009432384300_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-693X(00)88910-1","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction and perinatal exposure to antiretroviral nucleoside analogues [in French]","volume":"7","author":"Blanche","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021121009432384300_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200308150-00006","article-title":"Persistent mitochondrial dysfunction in HIV-1-exposed but uninfected infants: clinical screening in a large prospective cohort","volume":"17","author":"Barret","year":"2003","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"13","key":"2021121009432384300_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000242814.42344.77","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction following perinatal exposure to nucleoside analogues","volume":"20","author":"Blanche","year":"2006","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121009432384300_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3280d5a786","article-title":"In utero nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor exposure and signs of possible mitochondrial dysfunction in HIV-uninfected children","volume":"21","author":"Brogly","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121009432384300_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1086\/507645","article-title":"Effect of perinatal antiretroviral drug exposure on hematologic values in HIV-uninfected children: an analysis of the women and infants transmission study","volume":"194","author":"Pacheco","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"14","key":"2021121009432384300_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200309260-00006","article-title":"S. Perinatal antiretroviral treatment and hematopoiesis in HIV-uninfected infants","volume":"17","author":"Le Chenadec","year":"2003","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021121009432384300_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1080\/08035250510042951","article-title":"Haematological parameters of HIV-1-uninfected infants born to HIV-1-infected mothers","volume":"94","author":"Bunders","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"15","key":"2021121009432384300_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200410210-00005","article-title":"Levels and patterns of neutrophil cell counts over the first 8 years of life in children of HIV-1-infected mothers","volume":"18","year":"2004","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121009432384300_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-008-0717-y","article-title":"Vertical transmission of HIV in Belgium: a 1986\u20132002 retrospective analysis","volume":"168","author":"Goetghebuer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121009432384300_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.9.1106-JWR0306-2-1","article-title":"From the Centers for Disease Control: revision of guidelines for the prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease","volume":"287","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2021121009432384300_B27","first-page":"3","article-title":"Prevention of neonatal GBS infection. [in French]","volume":"7721","year":"2003","journal-title":"Guidelines From the Belgian Superior Health Council"},{"issue":"250","key":"2021121009432384300_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.46.250.783","article-title":"A growth chart for premature and other infants","volume":"46","author":"Gairdner","year":"1971","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121009432384300_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.3.497","article-title":"Epidemiology of group B streptococcal disease in the United States: shifting paradigms","volume":"11","author":"Schuchat","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121009432384300_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2481","article-title":"Incidence and clinical presentation of invasive neonatal group B streptococcal infections in Germany","volume":"117","author":"Fluegge","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121009432384300_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F48","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.83.1.F48","article-title":"Neonatal group B streptococcal disease associated with infected breast milk","volume":"83","author":"Olver","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121009432384300_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PCC.0000149131.72248.E6","article-title":"International pediatric sepsis consensus conference: definitions for sepsis and organ dysfunction in pediatrics","volume":"6","author":"Goldstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121009432384300_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F271","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2005.088799","article-title":"Epidemiology of neonatal group B streptococcal disease in the Netherlands before and after introduction of guidelines for prevention","volume":"92","author":"Trijbels-Smeulders","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121009432384300_B34","first-page":"109","article-title":"Trends in perinatal group B streptococcal disease\u2014United States, 2000\u20132006","volume":"58","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2009","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121009432384300_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000187893.52488.4b","article-title":"Risk factors for group B streptococcal genitourinary tract colonization in pregnant women","volume":"106","author":"Stapleton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121009432384300_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1086\/427942","article-title":"Serotype distribution of invasive group B streptococcal isolates in infants: results from a nationwide active laboratory surveillance study over 2 years in Germany","volume":"40","author":"Fluegge","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121009432384300_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1086\/519847","article-title":"Infant morbidity, mortality, and breast milk immunologic profiles among breast-feeding HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women in Botswana","volume":"196","author":"Shapiro","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121009432384300_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2009.02220.x","article-title":"The HIV-exposed, uninfected African child","volume":"14","author":"Filteau","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121009432384300_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2006.105890","article-title":"Children with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia and acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure admitted to a PICU, Durban, South Africa","volume":"93","author":"Jeena","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"14","key":"2021121009432384300_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000183941.67730.3a","article-title":"Probable mother to infant transmission of Pneumocystis jiroveci from an HIV-infected woman to her HIV-uninfected infant","volume":"19","author":"McNally","year":"2005","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121009432384300_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1086\/516938","article-title":"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in infants who were exposed to human immunodeficiency virus but were not infected: an exception to the AIDS surveillance case definition","volume":"25","author":"Heresi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121009432384300_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/173.5.1077","article-title":"Placental transfer and maternally acquired neonatal IgG immunity in human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"173","author":"de Moraes-Pinto","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021121009432384300_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3866","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.12.3866.h8003866_3866_3871","article-title":"T-lymphocyte maturation abnormalities in uninfected newborns and children with vertical exposure to HIV","volume":"96","author":"Clerici","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121009432384300_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3091","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.142.9.3091","article-title":"HIV-1 GP120-mediated immune suppression and lymphocyte destruction in the absence of viral infection","volume":"142","author":"Weinhold","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121009432384300_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1086\/315458","article-title":"Influence of human immunodeficiency virus-infected maternal environment on development of infant interleukin-12 production","volume":"181","author":"Chougnet","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121009432384300_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.4.3.358-361.1997","article-title":"Function and phenotype of immature CD4+ lymphocytes in healthy infants and early lymphocyte activation in uninfected infants of human immunodeficiency virus-infected mothers","volume":"4","author":"Rich","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121009432384300_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200101050-00003","article-title":"T-helper cell responses to HIV envelope peptides in cord blood: protection against intrapartum and breast-feeding transmission","volume":"15","author":"Kuhn","year":"2001","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121009432384300_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1086\/338153","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific cellular immune responses in newborns exposed to HIV in utero","volume":"34","author":"Kuhn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8849","key":"2021121009432384300_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)93063-7","article-title":"HIV-specific cytotoxic T-cell activity in an HIV-exposed but uninfected infant","volume":"341","author":"Rowland-Jones","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021121009432384300_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e102","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000102","article-title":"Strong HIV-1-specific T cell responses in HIV-1-exposed uninfected infants and neonates revealed after regulatory T cell removal","volume":"1","author":"Legrand","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021121009432384300_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000174454.63250.22","article-title":"Maternal and infant factors and lymphocyte, CD4 and CD8 cell counts in uninfected children of HIV-1-infected mothers","volume":"19","author":"Bunders","year":"2005","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121009432384300_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e318042d5e3","article-title":"Hematologic effects of maternal antiretroviral therapy and transmission prophylaxis in HIV-1-exposed uninfected newborn infants","volume":"45","author":"Feiterna-Sperling","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121009432384300_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200306010-00010","article-title":"Long-term mitochondrial toxicity in HIV-uninfected infants born to HIV-infected mothers","volume":"33","author":"Poirier","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121009432384300_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2771","article-title":"Antiretroviral exposure and lymphocyte mtDNA content among uninfected infants of HIV-1-infected women","volume":"124","author":"Aldrovandi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121009432384300_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000086400.93257.74","article-title":"Lactic acidemia in human immunodeficiency virus-uninfected infants exposed to perinatal antiretroviral therapy","volume":"22","author":"Alimenti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121009432384300_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-0955","article-title":"Hyperlactatemia in human immunodeficiency virus-uninfected infants who are exposed to antiretrovirals","volume":"114","author":"Noguera","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/126\/3\/e631\/846357\/zpe0091000e631.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/126\/3\/e631\/846357\/zpe0091000e631.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]],"date-time":"2023-06-02T23:49:18Z","timestamp":1685749758000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/126\/3\/e631\/66163\/High-Incidence-of-Invasive-Group-B-Streptococcal"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2010-0183","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]]}}}