{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T11:03:36Z","timestamp":1759057416182,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Childhood neurosarcoidosis is rare, and its etiology is unknown. La Crosse virus is one of the most common causes of encephalitis in North America. We report the case of a 12-year-old boy who had La Crosse virus encephalitis and subsequently developed imaging and pathologic findings suggestive of neurosarcoidosis. He presented with acute onset of transient aphasia 4 months after an episode of encephalitis; serology results at the time of aphasia were positive for La Crosse virus. Brain MRI revealed diffuse subcortical nodular lesions. His serum angiotensin-converting enzyme level was elevated, and brain biopsy revealed noncaseating granuloma. It is interesting to note that he has had no recurrence of aphasia; repeat MRI showed significant improvement of nodular lesions without therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first case of La Crosse virus encephalitis associated with neurosarcoid findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-0615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,15]],"date-time":"2011-03-15T19:49:31Z","timestamp":1300218571000},"page":"e1091-e1096","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["La Crosse Virus Encephalitis Preceding Neurosarcoidosis Diagnosed by Brain Biopsy"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Rouster-Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Harper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carolinas Pediatric Neurology Care, Levine Children's Hospital, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2021121007074710200_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5520(05)70410-4","article-title":"California-La Crosse encephalitis","volume":"12","author":"McJunkin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121007074710200_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6145","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006145","article-title":"The incidence risk, clustering, and clinical presentation of La Crosse virus infections in the eastern United States, 2003\u20132007","volume":"4","author":"Haddow","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"53","key":"2021121007074710200_B3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Summary of notifiable diseases: United States, 2007 [published correction appears in MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2009;56(53)]","volume":"56","author":"Hall-Baker","year":"2009","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121007074710200_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(01)00337-X","article-title":"LaCrosse viral encephalitis mimics herpes simplex viral encephalitis","volume":"25","author":"Sokol","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121007074710200_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.99.2.261","article-title":"Treatment of severe La Crosse encephalitis with intravenous ribavirin following diagnosis by brain biopsy","volume":"99","author":"McJunkin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2021121007074710200_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1546-0096-6-16","article-title":"Childhood sarcoidosis: a rare but fascinating disorder","volume":"6","author":"Shetty","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121007074710200_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2004.tb00670.x","article-title":"Childhood sarcoidosis in Denmark 1979\u20131994: incidence, clinical features and laboratory results at presentation in 48 children","volume":"93","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121007074710200_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150170175","article-title":"Neurosarcoidosis: a review of its intracranial manifestation","volume":"248","author":"Nowak","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121007074710200_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcp042","article-title":"Presentations and outcomes of neurosarcoidosis: a study of 54 cases","volume":"102","author":"Pawate","year":"2009","journal-title":"QJM"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121007074710200_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199009000-00001","article-title":"Neurosarcoidosis: signs, course and treatment in 35 confirmed cases","volume":"69","author":"Chapelon","year":"1990","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121007074710200_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/92.2.103","article-title":"Central nervous system sarcoidosis: diagnosis and management","volume":"92","author":"Zajicek","year":"1999","journal-title":"QJM"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021121007074710200_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200103153441103","article-title":"La Crosse encephalitis in children","volume":"344","author":"McJunkin","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121007074710200_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200001000-00016","article-title":"Severe La Crosse encephalitis with significant neurologic sequelae","volume":"19","author":"Balkhy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121007074710200_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073807307984","article-title":"Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges in La Crosse encephalitis, a worrisome subgroup: clinical presentation, electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns, and long-term neurologic outcome","volume":"23","author":"de los Reyes","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"2021121007074710200_B15","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Neuroinvasive and non-neuroinvasive domestic arboviral diseases: 2004 case definition. Available at: www.cdc.gov\/ncphi\/disss\/nndss\/casedef\/arboviral_2004.htm. Accessed February 9, 2011"},{"key":"2021121007074710200_B16","first-page":"2403","article-title":"La Crosse encephalitis and other California serogroup viruses","volume-title":"Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases","author":"McJunkin","year":"2004","edition":"5th ed"},{"issue":"6 pt 1","key":"2021121007074710200_B17","article-title":"Neurosarcoid presents differently in children than in adults","volume":"112","author":"Baumann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121007074710200_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1007\/s003300051042","article-title":"Role of radiology in the diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis","volume":"10","author":"Pickuth","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"16","key":"2021121007074710200_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1997.00440370104011","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of neurological sarcoidosis","volume":"157","author":"Lower","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121007074710200_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.124.5.2023","article-title":"Treatment of corticosteroid-resistant neurosarcoidosis with a short-course cyclophosphamide regimen","volume":"124","author":"Doty","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121007074710200_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.64.5.691","article-title":"Aggressive therapy for neurosarcoidosis: long-term follow-up of 48 treated patients","volume":"64","author":"Scott","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121007074710200_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1995.00540330053014","article-title":"Therapeutic considerations in patients with refractory neurosarcoidosis","volume":"52","author":"Agbogu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121007074710200_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2003.05042.x","article-title":"Mycophenolate mofetil may serve as a steroid-sparing agent for sarcoidosis","volume":"148","author":"Kouba","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121007074710200_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.55.9.1248","article-title":"Effectiveness of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in treating selected patients with sarcoidosis with neurologic involvement","volume":"55","author":"Sharma","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121007074710200_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.127.3.1064","article-title":"Treatment of sarcoidosis with infliximab","volume":"127","author":"Doty","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121007074710200_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2007.00870.x","article-title":"Dramatic MRI improvement with refractory neurosarcoidosis treated with infliximab","volume":"116","author":"Toth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021121007074710200_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.11.2106001","article-title":"Familial aggregation of sarcoidosis: A Case-Control Etiologic Study of Sarcoidosis (ACCESS)","volume":"164","author":"Rybicki","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021121007074710200_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200402-249OC","article-title":"A Case Control Etiologic Study of Sarcoidosis: environmental and occupational risk factors","volume":"170","author":"Newman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121007074710200_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.1999.14d02.x","article-title":"ATS\/ERS\/WASOG statement on sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis Statement Committee. American Thoracic Society. European Respiratory Society. World Association for Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatous Disorders","volume":"14","author":"Costabel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121007074710200_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2005.03.007","article-title":"Paediatric sarcoidosis","volume":"6","author":"Fauroux","year":"2005","journal-title":"Paediatr Respir Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121007074710200_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-970332","article-title":"Pathology of sarcoidosis","volume":"28","author":"Rosen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121007074710200_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2006.05.009","article-title":"Postencephalitic chronic granulomatous disease","volume":"35","author":"Vi\u00f1as","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121007074710200_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.26.8.797","article-title":"Virus-like particles in granulomatous angiitis of the central nervous system","volume":"26","author":"Reyes","year":"1976","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/127\/4\/e1091\/1056190\/zpe004110e1091.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/127\/4\/e1091\/1056190\/zpe004110e1091.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T16:43:30Z","timestamp":1639154610000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/127\/4\/e1091\/65182\/La-Crosse-Virus-Encephalitis-Preceding"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2010-0615","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0031-4005"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1098-4275"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]]}}}