{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T21:17:14Z","timestamp":1791062234611,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title><jats:p>We sought to compare the tuberculin skin test (TST) to the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube assay (QFT-IT) and assess the effects of malnourishment and intestinal helminth infection on QFT-IT results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this population-based cross-sectional study from Dhaka, Bangladesh, we screened children for latent tuberculosis infection with the QFT-IT and TST. We assess the agreement between the TST and QFT-IT, risk factors associated with indeterminate QFT-IT results, and magnitude of interferon \u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3) production.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three hundred and two children (aged 11\u201315.3 years) were enrolled, including 93 (30.8%) who were malnourished. Of 251 participants who provided stool samples, 117 (46.6%) were infected with Ascaris lumbricoides and\/or Trichuris trichiura. TST results were positive (\u226510 mm) for 101 (33.4%) children and negative for 201 (66.6%) children. QFT-IT results were positive for 107 (35.4%) children, negative for 121 (40.1%) children, and indeterminate for 74 (24.5%) children. Agreement between the tests was moderate (\u03ba = 0.55 [95% confidence interval: 0.44\u20130.65]; P &amp;lt; .0001) when excluding indeterminate results. Children with indeterminate QFT-IT results were separately compared with children with positive and negative QFT-IT results; malnutrition (P = .0006 and .0003), and helminth infection (P = .05 and .02), and the statistical interaction between these 2 terms (P = .03 and .004) were associated with indeterminate results. Higher levels of IFN-\u03b3 in response to tuberculosis antigens were associated with positive TST results (P &amp;lt; .0001); lower levels were associated with malnutrition (P = .02).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Malnutrition and helminth infections were associated with indeterminate QFT-IT results. Therefore, the presence of such conditions may limit the interpretability of QFT-IT results in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-0885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,9]],"date-time":"2010-11-09T03:22:34Z","timestamp":1289272954000},"page":"e1522-e1529","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Malnutrition and Helminth Infection Affect Performance of an Interferon \u03b3\u2013Release Assay"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Tania A.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinesh","family":"Mondal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zannatun","family":"Noor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masud","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashidul","family":"Haque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayera","family":"Banu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristine M.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; 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