{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T00:15:46Z","timestamp":1793146546402,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to measure the prevalence and length of the problem of pathological video gaming or Internet use, to identify risk and protective factors, to determine whether pathological gaming is a primary or secondary problem, and to identify outcomes for individuals who become or stop being pathological gamers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 2-year, longitudinal, panel study was performed with a general elementary and secondary school population in Singapore, including 3034 children in grades 3 (N = 743), 4 (N = 711), 7 (N = 916), and 8 (N = 664). Several hypothesized risk and protective factors for developing or overcoming pathological gaming were measured, including weekly amount of game play, impulsivity, social competence, depression, social phobia, anxiety, and school performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of pathological gaming was similar to that in other countries (\u223c9%). Greater amounts of gaming, lower social competence, and greater impulsivity seemed to act as risk factors for becoming pathological gamers, whereas depression, anxiety, social phobias, and lower school performance seemed to act as outcomes of pathological gaming.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study adds important information to the discussion about whether video game \u201caddiction\u201d is similar to other addictive behaviors, demonstrating that it can last for years and is not solely a symptom of comorbid disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-1353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,17]],"date-time":"2011-01-17T22:03:17Z","timestamp":1295301797000},"page":"e319-e329","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1041,"title":["Pathological Video Game Use Among Youths: A Two-Year Longitudinal Study"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Douglas A.","family":"Gentile","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyekyung","family":"Choo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Work, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Liau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Studies, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Sim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Social Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongdong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Studies, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Fung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angeline","family":"Khoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Studies, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2021121007103798400_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1348\/000712602760146242","article-title":"A factor-analytic investigation of computer \u201caddiction\u201d and engagement","volume":"93","author":"Charlton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Psychol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121007103798400_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2004.7.571","article-title":"Video game addiction in children and teenagers in Taiwan","volume":"7","author":"Chiu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121007103798400_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(00)00041-8","article-title":"A cognitive-behavioral model of pathological Internet use","volume":"17","author":"Davis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121007103798400_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(94)90010-8","article-title":"Identifying video game addiction in children and adolescents","volume":"19","author":"Fisher","year":"1994","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121007103798400_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2009.02340.x","article-title":"Pathological video game use among youth ages 8 to 18: a national study","volume":"20","author":"Gentile","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121007103798400_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1089\/109493100316067","article-title":"Does internet and computer \u201caddiction\u201d exists? Some case study evidence","volume":"3","author":"Griffiths","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121007103798400_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1998.82.2.475","article-title":"Dependence on computer games by adolescents","volume":"82","author":"Griffiths","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychol Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121007103798400_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.95.2.641-650","article-title":"Problems with computer games without monetary reward: similarity to pathological gambling","volume":"95","author":"Johansson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121007103798400_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9450.2004.00398.x","article-title":"Internet addiction: characteristics of a questionnaire and prevalence in Norwegian youth (12\u201318 years)","volume":"45","author":"Johansson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Scand J Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121007103798400_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1080\/1606635031000098796","article-title":"Internet addiction? Potentially problematic use of the Internet in a population of 12\u201318 year-old adolescents","volume":"12","author":"Kaltiala-Heino","year":"2004","journal-title":"Addict Res Theory"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121007103798400_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199001000-00009","article-title":"Pathological preoccupation with video games","volume":"29","author":"Keepers","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121007103798400_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.18.4.381","article-title":"Development of a psychometrically sound Internet addiction scale: a preliminary step","volume":"18","author":"Nichols","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"2021121007103798400_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(99)00107-X","article-title":"Psychiatric features of individuals with problematic Internet use","volume":"57","author":"Shapira","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021121007103798400_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.00218.x","article-title":"Measuring problem video game playing in adolescents","volume":"97","author":"Tejeiro Salguero","year":"2002","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121007103798400_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2004.7.443","article-title":"The psychometric properties of the Internet addiction test","volume":"7","author":"Widyanto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121007103798400_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2004.01290.x","article-title":"Attention deficit hyperactivity symptoms and Internet addiction","volume":"58","author":"Yoo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121007103798400_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.1998.1.237","article-title":"Internet addiction: the emergence of a new clinical disorder","volume":"1","author":"Young","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav"},{"key":"2021121007103798400_B18","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. APA announces draft diagnostic criteria for DSM-5: new proposed changes posted for leading manual of mental disorders. Available at: www.Dsm5.Org\/newsroom\/documents\/diag%20%20criteria%20general%20final%202.05.Pdf. Accessed April 15, 2010"},{"issue":"6682","key":"2021121007103798400_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1038\/30498","article-title":"Evidence for striatal dopamine release during a video game","volume":"393","author":"Koepp","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121007103798400_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1007\/s11031-006-9051-8","article-title":"The motivational pull of video games: a self-determination theory approach","volume":"30","author":"Ryan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Motiv Emot"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121007103798400_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1089\/109493103322725333","article-title":"Internet gambling: issues, concerns and recommendations","volume":"6","author":"Griffiths","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav"},{"key":"2021121007103798400_B22","volume-title":"Flow, the Psychology of Optimal Experience","author":"Csikszentmihalyi","year":"1990"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121007103798400_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1037\/h0087741","article-title":"\u201cComputer addiction\u201d: a critical consideration","volume":"70","author":"Shaffer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Orthopsychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121007103798400_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021267028254","article-title":"Shifting perspectives on gambling and addiction","volume":"19","author":"Shaffer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121007103798400_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1080\/10673220490905705","article-title":"Toward a syndrome model of addiction: multiple expressions, common etiology","volume":"12","author":"Shaffer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Harv Rev Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121007103798400_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1089\/109493101300210286","article-title":"Modification in the proposed diagnostic criteria for Internet addiction","volume":"4","author":"Beard","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121007103798400_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-859X-5-16","article-title":"A cross-sectional analysis of video games and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in adolescents","volume":"5","author":"Chan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121007103798400_B28","first-page":"367","article-title":"Behavior problem and family environment of children with video game dependence","volume":"17","author":"Feng","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chin Ment Health J"},{"key":"2021121007103798400_B29","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994","edition":"4th ed."},{"key":"2021121007103798400_B30","first-page":"111","article-title":"A survey of Chinese college students addicted to video games","volume":"28","author":"Peng","year":"2009","journal-title":"China Educ Innov Herald"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121007103798400_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.3109\/00048670903279812","article-title":"Recognizing problem video game use","volume":"44","author":"Porter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121007103798400_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2006.9956","article-title":"Excessive computer game playing: evidence for addiction and aggression?","volume":"10","author":"Gr\u00fcsser","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121007103798400_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2007.9992","article-title":"Factors predictive for incidence and remission of Internet addiction in young adolescents: a prospective study","volume":"10","author":"Ko","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021121007103798400_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V39N11p822","article-title":"Pathological video-gaming among Singaporean youth","volume":"39","author":"Choo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med Singapore"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121007103798400_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-009-9229-x","article-title":"The role of context in online gaming excess and addiction: some case study evidence","volume":"8","author":"Griffiths","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Addict"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121007103798400_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2003.10.009","article-title":"An update on the effects of violent video games","volume":"27","author":"Anderson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Adolesc"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121007103798400_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.78.4.772","article-title":"Video games and aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behavior in the laboratory and in life","volume":"78","author":"Anderson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"2021121007103798400_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195309836.001.0001","volume-title":"Violent Video Game Effects on Children and Adolescents: Theory, Research, and Public Policy","author":"Anderson","year":"2007"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121007103798400_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1425","article-title":"Longitudinal effects of violent video games on aggression in Japan and the United States","volume":"122","author":"Anderson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121007103798400_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2005.08.006","article-title":"Chronic violent video game exposure and desensitization to violence: behavioral and event-related brain potential data","volume":"42","author":"Bartholow","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Exp Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021121007103798400_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167205277205","article-title":"Correlates and consequences of exposure to video game violence: hostile personality, empathy, and aggressive behavior","volume":"31","author":"Bartholow","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pers Soc Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021121007103798400_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1177\/014616702237649","article-title":"Violent video games and hostile expectations: a test of the general aggression model","volume":"28","author":"Bushman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pers Soc Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121007103798400_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2006.05.003","article-title":"The effect of video game violence on physiological desensitization to real-life violence","volume":"43","author":"Carnagey","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Exp Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121007103798400_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-007-9206-2","article-title":"Violent video games as exemplary teachers: a conceptual analysis","volume":"37","author":"Gentile","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Youth Adolesc"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121007103798400_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2003.10.002","article-title":"The effects of violent video game habits on adolescent hostility, aggressive behaviours, and school performance","volume":"27","author":"Gentile","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Adolesc"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121007103798400_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1177\/0907568298005002005","article-title":"Seeing the world through Mortal Kombat-colored glasses: Violent video games and the development of a short-term hostile attribution bias","volume":"5","author":"Kirsh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Childhood"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121007103798400_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2003.10.006","article-title":"Playing violent electronic games, hostile attributional style, and aggression-related norms in German adolescents","volume":"27","author":"Krah\u00e9","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Adolesc"},{"key":"2021121007103798400_B48","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatrics; American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; American Psychological Association; American Medical Association; American Academy of Family Physicians; American Psychiatric Association. Joint statement on the impact of entertainment violence on children: Congressional Public Health Summit, July 26, 2000. Available at: www.aap.org\/advocacy\/releases\/jstmtevc.htm. Accessed January 5, 2001"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121007103798400_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650203258281","article-title":"Violent media content and aggressiveness in adolescents: a downward spiral model","volume":"30","author":"Slater","year":"2003","journal-title":"Commun Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121007103798400_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2003.10.004","article-title":"Exposure to violent video games increases automatic aggressiveness","volume":"27","author":"Uhlmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Adolesc"},{"key":"2021121007103798400_B51","article-title":"Family conflict and violent video game play in school-aged children","author":"Vandewater"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121007103798400_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1207\/S1532785XMEP0801_4","article-title":"Does playing violent video games induce aggression? Empirical evidence of a functional magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"8","author":"Weber","year":"2006","journal-title":"Media Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121007103798400_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-1508","article-title":"Television and video game exposure and the development of attention problems","volume":"126","author":"Swing","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121007103798400_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.186","article-title":"Childhood adversities and adult psychiatric disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication I: Associations with first onset of DSM-IV disorders","volume":"67","author":"Green","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121007103798400_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167209333045","article-title":"The effects of prosocial video games on prosocial behaviors: international evidence from correlational, longitudinal, and experimental studies","volume":"35","author":"Gentile","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pers Soc Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121007103798400_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(199511)51:6<768::AID-JCLP2270510607>3.0.CO;2-1","article-title":"Factor structure of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale","volume":"51","author":"Patton","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"2021121007103798400_B57","article-title":"Development and validation of the Personal Strengths Inventory using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis","author":"Liau","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Psychoeduc Assess"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121007103798400_B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appdev.2008.02.005","article-title":"The development of the Children's Empathic Attitudes Questionnaire using classical and Rasch analyses","volume":"29","author":"Funk","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Appl Dev Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121007103798400_B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.72.2.408","article-title":"Children's normative beliefs about aggression and aggressive behavior","volume":"72","author":"Huesmann","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121007103798400_B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400006520","article-title":"Relational aggression: The role of intent attributions, feelings of distress, and provocation type","volume":"7","author":"Crick","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"2021121007103798400_B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(18)30243-5","article-title":"The cycle of violence and victimization: a study of the school-based intervention of a multidisciplinary youth violence-prevention program","volume":"12","author":"Nadel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"2021121007103798400_B62","volume-title":"Television and the Aggressive Child: A Cross-national Comparison","author":"Huesmann","year":"1986"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121007103798400_B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9507.00187","article-title":"Relational aggression and victimization in young adults' romantic relationships: associations with perceptions of parent, peer, and romantic relationship quality","volume":"11","author":"Linder","year":"2002","journal-title":"Soc Dev"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021121007103798400_B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03550100049038","article-title":"Protecting adolescents from harm: findings from the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health","volume":"278","author":"Resnick","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2021121007103798400_B65","unstructured":"University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Psychiatry. ADHD self-report. Available at: http:\/\/healthnet.umassmed.edu\/mhealth\/ADHDSelfReport.pdf. Accessed August 15, 2007"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121007103798400_B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2003.12.004","article-title":"Development and validation of a depression scale for Asian adolescents","volume":"27","author":"Woo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Adolesc"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121007103798400_B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199704000-00018","article-title":"The Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED): scale construction and psychometric characteristics","volume":"36","author":"Birmaher","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121007103798400_B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.176.4.379","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN): new self-rating scale","volume":"176","author":"Connor","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/127\/2\/e319\/1054449\/zpe0021100e319.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/127\/2\/e319\/1054449\/zpe0021100e319.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,4]],"date-time":"2023-06-04T18:14:15Z","timestamp":1685902455000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/127\/2\/e319\/65247\/Pathological-Video-Game-Use-Among-Youths-A-Two"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2010-1353","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]]}}}