{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T06:50:49Z","timestamp":1772607049041,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]]},"abstract":"\n BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n Interferon-\u03b3\u2013release assays (IGRAs) have been developed for the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection, but few data are available for children. There currently is no reference standard for the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n To compare the performance of 1 IGRA, the T-SPOT.TB assay with the tuberculin skin test (TST) in children with different epidemiologic risk factors for tuberculosis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n We conducted a prospective study of 210 patients referred to 3 pediatric tuberculosis clinics, including those with no risk factors for tuberculosis (low risk, n = 27), risk factors but no identifiable source case (intermediate risk, n = 78), contact with a known source case (high risk, n = 74), and active disease (n = 31). Children were tested with TST and T-SPOT.TB. Concordance analyses were performed, and assay outcomes were modeled by multivariate logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n For 13 children with culture-confirmed tuberculosis disease, sensitivity of TST and T-SPOT.TB was 77% and 92%, respectively, and concordance was 69%. For high-risk children, concordance was 94% for BCG-unimmunized children and 88% for BCG-immunized children. For intermediate-risk children, concordance was 74% for BCG-unimmunized children and 33% for BCG-immunized children. For low-risk children, concordance was 74% for BCG-unimmunized children and 20% for BCG-immunized children. Multivariate analysis revealed that contact with a source case was associated with T-SPOT.TB result, but age and BCG immunization were not.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n T-SPOT.TB is comparable to the TST in the diagnosis of tuberculosis disease and identification of high-risk children with tuberculosis infection and is more specific than the TST in children who have received the BCG vaccine.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-1725","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,7]],"date-time":"2010-12-07T05:31:20Z","timestamp":1291699880000},"page":"e31-e38","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Comparing the Tuberculin Skin Test and T-SPOT.TB<\/i> Blood Test in Children"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Andrea T.","family":"Cruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abby M.","family":"Geltemeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey R.","family":"Starke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaime A.","family":"Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward A.","family":"Graviss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kim C.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120900242580700_B1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis control: 2009 report. Available at: http:\/\/whqlibdoc.who.int\/publications\/2009\/9789241598866_eng.pdf. Accessed March 16, 2010"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120900242580700_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.02.00261402","article-title":"European framework for tuberculosis control and elimination in countries with a low incidence: recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO), International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD), and Royal Netherlands Tuberculosis Association (KNCV) Working Group","volume":"19","author":"Broekmans","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021120900242580700_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200511-1809SO","article-title":"Childhood pulmonary tuberculosis: old wisdom and new challenges","volume":"173","author":"Marais","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021120900242580700_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.7.677","article-title":"Consensus statement: global burden of tuberculosis: estimated incidence, prevalence, and mortality by country: WHO Global Surveillance and Monitoring Project","volume":"282","author":"Dye","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120900242580700_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200701-057OC","article-title":"Prevalence of tuberculosis infection in the United States population: the national health and nutrition examination survey, 1999\u20132000","volume":"177","author":"Bennett","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120900242580700_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/17.6.968","article-title":"The tuberculin skin test","volume":"17","author":"Huebner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021120900242580700_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1086\/323984","article-title":"Skin indurations in response to tuberculin testing in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis","volume":"33","author":"Haimi-Cohen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021120900242580700_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.57.9.804","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the effect of bacille Calmette Guerin vaccination on tuberculin skin test measurements","volume":"57","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120900242580700_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-126-3-199702010-00005","article-title":"Reliability of tuberculin skin test measurement","volume":"126","author":"Pouchot","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120900242580700_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.1.9801120","article-title":"Interpretation of repeated tuberculin tests: boosting, conversion, 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T-SPOT.TB [package insert]. Available at: http:\/\/www.oxfordimmunotec.com\/eu\/downloads\/PI-TB96-IVD-UK-V8,%20English.pdf. Accessed May 18, 2010"},{"issue":"9452","key":"2021120900242580700_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2196","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17592-2","article-title":"Diagnosis of tuberculosis in South African children with a T-cell-based assay: a prospective cohort study","volume":"364","author":"Liebeschuetz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120900242580700_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-149-3-200808050-00241","article-title":"Systematic review: T-cell-based assays for the diagnosis of latent-tuberculosis infection: an update","volume":"149","author":"Pai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021120900242580700_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-149-11-200812020-00248","article-title":"Prognostic value of a T-cell-based, interferon-gamma biomarker in children with 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