{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T15:51:55Z","timestamp":1792684315563,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Guidelines for prevention of group B streptococcal (GBS) infection have successfully reduced early onset (EO) GBS disease. Study results suggest that Escherichia coli is an important EO pathogen.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine EO infection rates, pathogens, morbidity, and mortality in a national network of neonatal centers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infants with EO infection were identified by prospective surveillance at Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Network centers. Infection was defined by positive culture results for blood and cerebrospinal fluid obtained from infants aged \u226472 hours plus treatment with antibiotic therapy for \u22655 days. Mother and infant characteristics, treatments, and outcomes were studied. Numbers of cases and total live births (LBs) were used to calculate incidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 396 586 LBs (2006\u20132009), 389 infants developed EO infection (0.98 cases per 1000 LBs). Infection rates increased with decreasing birth weight. GBS (43%, 0.41 per 1000 LBs) and E coli (29%, 0.28 per 1000 LBs) were most frequently isolated. Most infants with GBS were term (73%); 81% with E coli were preterm. Mothers of 67% of infected term and 58% of infected preterm infants were screened for GBS, and results were positive for 25% of those mothers. Only 76% of mothers with GBS colonization received intrapartum chemoprophylaxis. Although 77% of infected infants required intensive care, 20% of term infants were treated in the normal newborn nursery. Sixteen percent of infected infants died, most commonly with E coli infection (33%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the era of intrapartum chemoprophylaxis to reduce GBS, rates of EO infection have declined but reflect a continued burden of disease. GBS remains the most frequent pathogen in term infants, and E coli the most significant pathogen in preterm infants. Missed opportunities for GBS prevention continue. Prevention of E coli sepsis, especially among preterm infants, remains a challenge.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-2217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,25]],"date-time":"2011-04-25T22:29:48Z","timestamp":1303770588000},"page":"817-826","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":937,"title":["Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis: The Burden of Group B Streptococcal and\n                    <i>E. coli<\/i>\n                    Disease Continues"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Barbara J.","family":"Stoll","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nellie I.","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics and Epidemiology Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo J.","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger G.","family":"Faix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda B.","family":"Poindexter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krisa P.","family":"Van Meurs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Bizzarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald N.","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Ivan D.","family":"Frantz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Tufts Medical Center, Floating Hospital for Children, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen C.","family":"Hale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seetha","family":"Shankaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Texas;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waldemar A.","family":"Carlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristi L.","family":"Watterberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward F.","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele C.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kurt","family":"Schibler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Ohio;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abbot R.","family":"Laptook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andi L.","family":"Shane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Emory 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