{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T13:42:07Z","timestamp":1783690927250,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n The retina contains rods and cones that have membranes highly enriched with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Infants born prematurely are at risk of DHA insufficiency, because they may not have benefited from a full third trimester of the mother's lipid stores. Moreover, within the first 2 to 3 weeks of life, the main sources of lipids for premature infants are fat emulsions, which do not contain DHA.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n PATIENTS AND METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n This observational study was designed to compare the safety and efficacy outcomes of an intravenous fat emulsion that consists of fish-oil emulsion (contains DHA) with soybean and olive oil, administered from the first day of life to 40 infants who weighed &lt;1250 g; results were obtained from a historical cohort of 44 preterm neonates who were given an emulsion of soybean and olive oil. The primary study outcomes were the occurrence of retinopathy and need for laser therapy and cholestasis. Infants in the 2 groups were comparable with regard to demographic and clinical characteristics and were subjected to the same conventional therapy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n There was a significantly lower risk of laser therapy for infants who received an emulsion of soybean, olive oil, and fish oil (P = .023). No significant differences were found in acuity and latency of visual evoked potentials between infants in the 2 groups. There was no infant with cholestasis among those who received fish-oil emulsion, and there were 5 subjects with cholestasis in the historical group (P = .056).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n Fish-oil\u2013based fat emulsion administered from the first day of life may be effective in the prophylaxis of severe retinopathy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-2427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,4]],"date-time":"2011-01-04T03:43:25Z","timestamp":1294112605000},"page":"223-228","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Fish-Oil Fat Emulsion Supplementation May Reduce the Risk of Severe Retinopathy in VLBW Infants"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Dorota","family":"Pawlik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neonatology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryszard","family":"Lauterbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neonatology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Turyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2021121007075646500_B1","first-page":"207","article-title":"Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition, behavior and mood: clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids","volume":"12","author":"Kidd","year":"2007","journal-title":"Altern Med Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121007075646500_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.04371.x","article-title":"Modulation of inflammation in brain: a matter of fat","volume":"101","author":"Farooqui","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"2021121007075646500_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S28","DOI":"10.1053\/plac.2002.0791","article-title":"Placental regulation of fatty acid delivery and its effect on fetal growth: a review","volume":"23","author":"Haggarty","year":"2002","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121007075646500_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.6.1292","article-title":"Meta-analysis of dietary essential fatty acids and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids as they relate to visual resolution acuity in healthy preterm infants","volume":"105","author":"SanGiovanni","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121007075646500_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2248","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of a fish-oil\u2013based fat emulsion in the treatment of parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease","volume":"121","author":"Gura","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121007075646500_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200408000-00001","article-title":"Guidelines for the evaluation of cholestatic jaundice in infants: recommendation of the North American Society for Pediatric, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition","volume":"39","author":"Moyer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121007075646500_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.2.281","article-title":"Is docosahexaenoic acid, an n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid, required for development of normal brain function? An overview of evidence from cognitive and behavioral tests in human and animals","volume":"82","author":"McCann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121007075646500_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3782(00)00050-5","article-title":"Dietary essential fatty acids, long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and visual resolution acuity in healthy fullterm infants: a systematic review","volume":"57","author":"SanGiovanni","year":"2000","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121007075646500_B9","first-page":"162","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy","volume":"1","author":"Greenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121007075646500_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/88.4.1049","article-title":"Higher dose of docosahexaenoic acid in the neonatal period improves visual acuity of preterm infants: results of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"88","author":"Smithers","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2021121007075646500_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/71.1.213S","article-title":"Fatty acid modulation of endothelial activation","volume":"71","author":"De Caterina","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121007075646500_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2010.01836.x","article-title":"Inflammation and retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"99","author":"Dammann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121007075646500_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1591","article-title":"Increased dietary intake of \u03c9-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids reduces pathological retinal angiogenesis","volume":"13","author":"Connor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121007075646500_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/73.2.316","article-title":"Stereoacuity at age 3.5 y in children born full-term is associated with prenatal and postnatal dietary factors: a report from a population-based cohort study","volume":"73","author":"Williams","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121007075646500_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.3.548","article-title":"Essential n-3 fatty acids in pregnant women and early visual acuity maturation in term infants","volume":"87","author":"Innis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"2021121007075646500_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2009.05.014","article-title":"Reevaluation of the DHA requirement for the premature infant","volume":"81","author":"Lapillonne","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121007075646500_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2008.001","article-title":"The roles of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in pregnancy, lactation and infancy: review of current knowledge and consensus recommendations","volume":"36","author":"Koletzko","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121007075646500_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2008.945","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants fed high-dose docosahexaenoic acid: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"301","author":"Makrides","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/127\/2\/223\/1054676\/zpe00211000223.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/127\/2\/223\/1054676\/zpe00211000223.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T16:43:40Z","timestamp":1639154620000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/127\/2\/223\/65185\/Fish-Oil-Fat-Emulsion-Supplementation-May-Reduce"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2010-2427","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]]}}}