{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T23:12:45Z","timestamp":1789945965035,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]]},"abstract":"\n CONTEXT:<\/jats:title>\n Studies of the efficacy of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) to prevent or treat respiratory failure in preterm infants have had variable and contradictory findings.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n To systematically review the evidence on the use of iNO in infants born at \u226434 weeks' gestation who receive respiratory support.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Studies, PsycInfo, ClinicalTrials.gov, and proceedings of the 2009 and 2010 Pediatric Academic Societies meetings were searched in June 2010. Additional studies from reference lists of eligible articles, relevant reviews, and technical experts were considered. Two investigators independently screened search results and abstracted data from eligible articles. We focus here on mortality, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), the composite outcome of death or BPD, and neurodevelopmental impairment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n Fourteen randomized controlled trials, 7 follow-up studies, and 1 observational study were eligible for inclusion. Mortality rates in the NICU did not differ for infants treated with iNO compared with controls (risk ratio [RR]: 0.97 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.82\u20131.15]). BPD at 36 weeks for iNO and control groups also did not differ for survivors (RR: 0.93 [95% CI: 0.86\u20131.003]). A small difference was found in favor of iNO in the composite outcome of death or BPD (RR: 0.93 [95% CI: 0.87\u20130.99]). There was no evidence to suggest a difference in the incidence of cerebral palsy (RR: 1.36 [95% CI: 0.88\u20132.10]), neurodevelopmental impairment (RR: 0.91 [95% CI: 0.77\u20131.12]), or cognitive impairment (RR: 0.72 [95% CI: 0.35\u20131.45]).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n There was a 7% reduction in the risk of the composite outcome of death or BPD at 36 weeks for infants treated with iNO compared with controls but no reduction in death alone or BPD. There is currently no evidence to support the use of iNO in preterm infants with respiratory failure outside the context of rigorously conducted randomized clinical trials.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-3428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,11]],"date-time":"2011-01-11T03:07:48Z","timestamp":1294715268000},"page":"e414-e422","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Pamela K.","family":"Donohue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and"},{"name":"Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen M.","family":"Gilmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Cristofalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renee F.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidence-Based Practice Center,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan Z.","family":"Weiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidence-Based Practice Center,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandyn D.","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidence-Based Practice Center,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen A.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilee C.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2021121007084503100_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2416","article-title":"Annual summary of vital statistics: 2007","volume":"125","author":"Heron","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121007084503100_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199409000-00022","article-title":"Inhaled nitric oxide improves gas exchange and lowers pulmonary vascular resistance in severe experimental hyaline membrane disease","volume":"36","author":"Kinsella","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121007084503100_B3","first-page":"CD000399","article-title":"Nitric oxide for respiratory failure in infants born at or near term","author":"Finer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2021121007084503100_B4","volume-title":"Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Preterm Infants","author":"Allen","year":"2010"},{"key":"2021121007084503100_B5","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","author":"Higgin","year":"2009"},{"key":"2021121007084503100_B6","unstructured":"Wells\u2008GA, Shea\u2008B, O'Cornell\u2008D, Petersen\u2008J, Welch\u2008V, Losos\u2008M, et al. 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