{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T10:13:47Z","timestamp":1773483227713,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The goal of this study was to investigate the association of poor birth condition with long-term social and economic outcomes at 25 to 31 years of age.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This was a population-based cohort study using data derived from linkage of routinely collected Swedish data. All term infants born in Sweden between 1973 and 1979 identified from the Swedish birth registry (n = 651 615) were included in the study. Infants were categorized into 3 groups: (1) infants with a normal (&amp;gt;7) Apgar score at 1 or 5 minutes of age without encephalopathy; (2) infants with a low (&amp;lt;7) Apgar score at 1 and 5 minutes of age without encephalopathy; and (3) infants with a low (&amp;lt;7) Apgar score at 1 and 5 minutes with evidence of encephalopathy. The main outcome measures were achievement of a university education and participant's income in early adulthood.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Infants with low Apgar scores who did not develop encephalopathy were less likely to have attended university (odds ratio [OR]: 1.14 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05\u20131.23]) and were more likely to have no income from work (OR: 1.19 [95% CI: 1.07\u20131.32]) than those born in good condition. Infants who developed encephalopathy also had greater risks of these adverse outcomes (not attended university, OR: 1.94 [95% CI: 1.13\u20133.33]); no income from work, OR: 3.08 [95% CI: 1.89\u20135.01]).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Infants born in poor condition had worse measures of social performance than their peers, and this association was not restricted to those infants who developed obvious neurologic symptoms in the neonatal period. However, even in infants with likely encephalopathy, more than half obtained employment and one third attended university.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-3604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,10]],"date-time":"2011-05-10T01:53:46Z","timestamp":1304992426000},"page":"e1498-e1504","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Long-term Impact of Poor Birth Condition on Social and Economic Outcomes in Early Adulthood"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"David Edward","family":"Odd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Unit, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Gunnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Medicine and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Glyn","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Finn","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9675","key":"2021120900203071400_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60244-0","article-title":"Resuscitation at birth and cognition at 8 years of age: a cohort study","volume":"373","author":"Odd","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120900203071400_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F115","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2007.123745","article-title":"A cohort study of low Apgar scores and cognitive outcomes","volume":"93","author":"Odd","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"2021120900203071400_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.179.5.403","article-title":"Signs of asphyxia at birth and risk of schizophrenia. Population-based case-control study","volume":"179","author":"Dalman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120900203071400_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1017\/S001216220600020X","article-title":"Autism following a history of newborn encephalopathy: more than a coincidence?","volume":"48","author":"Badawi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120900203071400_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F380","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.067520","article-title":"Neuropsychological and educational problems at school age associated with neonatal encephalopathy","volume":"90","author":"Marlow","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120900203071400_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1177\/140349489001800209","article-title":"A quality study of a medical birth registry","volume":"18","author":"Cnattingius","year":"1990","journal-title":"Scand J Soc Med"},{"key":"2021120900203071400_B7","volume-title":"Multi-Generation Register 2005. A Description of Contents and Quality","author":"Sweden","year":"2005"},{"issue":"14","key":"2021120900203071400_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0900854","article-title":"Moderate hypothermia to treat perinatal asphyxial encephalopathy","volume":"361","author":"Azzopardi","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120900203071400_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-198810000-00009","article-title":"Educational readiness of survivors of neonatal encephalopathy associated with birth asphyxia at term","volume":"9","author":"Robertson","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Dev Behav Pediatr"},{"key":"2021120900203071400_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-0025.1960.tb02341.x","article-title":"Brain and behavior. Symposium, 1959. 2. Brain damage and reproductive casualty","volume":"30","author":"Pasamanick","year":"1960","journal-title":"Am J Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"2021120900203071400_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00014284","article-title":"Practical aspects of resuscitating asphyxiated newborn infants","volume":"157","author":"Saugstad","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120900203071400_B12","first-page":"65","article-title":"Low 5-minute Apgar score: a population-based register study of 1 million term births","volume":"98","author":"Thorngren-Jerneck","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120900203071400_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-200605000-00051","volume":"107","author":"Committee on Obstetric Practice, ACOG, American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Fetus and Newborn, ACOG. ACOG Committee Opinion","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120900203071400_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2010.05.010","article-title":"Epidemiology of neonatal encephalopathy and hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy","volume":"86","author":"Kurinczuk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021120900203071400_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2002.tb00131.x","article-title":"Follow-up into young adulthood after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in term and near-term newborn infants. I. Educational achievements and social adjustment","volume":"91","author":"Kjellmer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"9460","key":"2021120900203071400_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)17946-X","article-title":"Selective head cooling with mild systemic hypothermia after neonatal encephalopathy: multicentre randomised trial","volume":"365","author":"Gluckman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/127\/6\/e1498\/846295\/zpe006110e1498.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/127\/6\/e1498\/846295\/zpe006110e1498.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T05:56:32Z","timestamp":1639029392000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/127\/6\/e1498\/30010\/Long-term-Impact-of-Poor-Birth-Condition-on-Social"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2010-3604","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]]}}}