{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T09:36:43Z","timestamp":1792661803331,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Examine the prevalence, patterns, and persistence of parent-reported sleep problems during the first 3 years of life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three hundred fifty-nine mother\/child pairs participated in a prospective birth cohort study. Sleep questionnaires were administered to mothers when children were 6, 12, 24, and 36 months old. Sleep variables included parent response to a nonspecific query about the presence\/absence of a sleep problem and 8 specific sleep outcome domains: sleep onset latency, sleep maintenance, 24-hour sleep duration, daytime sleep\/naps, sleep location, restlessness\/vocalization, nightmares\/night terrors, and snoring.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prevalence of a parent-reported sleep problem was 10% at all assessment intervals. Night wakings and shorter sleep duration were associated with a parent-reported sleep problem during infancy and early toddlerhood (6\u201324 months), whereas nightmares and restless sleep emerged as associations with report of a sleep problem in later developmental periods (24\u201336 months). Prolonged sleep latency was associated with parent report of a sleep problem throughout the study period. In contrast, napping, sleep location, and snoring were not associated with parent-reported sleep problems. Twenty-one percent of children with sleep problems in infancy (compared with 6% of those without) had sleep problems in the third year of life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ten percent of children are reported to have a sleep problem at any given point during early childhood, and these problems persist in a significant minority of children throughout early development. Parent response to a single-item nonspecific sleep query may overlook relevant sleep behaviors and symptoms associated with clinical morbidity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-0372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,5]],"date-time":"2012-01-05T20:00:59Z","timestamp":1325793659000},"page":"e276-e284","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":250,"title":["Prevalence, Patterns, and Persistence of Sleep Problems in the First 3 Years of Life"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Kelly C.","family":"Byars","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Pulmonary Medicine"},{"name":"Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Yolton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, 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