{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T02:35:30Z","timestamp":1789871730821,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We retrospectively investigated incidence, morbidity, and mortality of neonatal respiratory failure (NRF) in China, with special emphasis on surfactant treated very immature infants.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>NRF was defined as respiratory hypoxemia requiring mechanical ventilation and\/or nasal continuous positive airway pressure for at least 24 hours.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There were 6864 cases of NRF, composing 19.7% of total admissions to 55 NICUs in 2008. Of these cases, 62.8% were preterm, and 16.4% of very low birth weight (VLBW, &amp;lt;1500 g). The primary diseases were respiratory distress syndrome (RDS, 43.9%), pneumonia\/sepsis (21.7%), transient respiratory insufficiency (14.7%), transient tachypnea (8.1%), and meconium aspiration syndrome (7.0%). Surfactant was given to 26.8% of infants with NRF and 54.8% infants with RDS. The survival rate of surfactant-treated RDS was 79.9% compared to 71.8% in those not receiving surfactant (P &amp;lt; .001). This was also true in those of VLBW, 59.8% vs 52.2% (P = .035), respectively. The overall survival rate in NRF cases was 75.3%, but it was 58.1% among VLBW infants; for those infants of 25, 26, and 27 to 28 weeks\u2019 gestational age, the survival rates were \u223c6%, 30%, and 50%, respectively; and the survival rates for infants with meconium aspiration syndrome and pneumonia\/sepsis were 70.3% and 71.4%, respectively. The care burden was associated with high treatment withdrawal and death rate.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The outcomes of NRF, especially in extremely premature infants, reflect both progress and persistent limitations in providing respiratory support in the emerging NICUs of China, but overall survival for sick newborns had improved steadily.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-0725","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,14]],"date-time":"2012-02-14T01:25:38Z","timestamp":1329182738000},"page":"e731-e740","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Morbidity and Mortality of Neonatal Respiratory Failure in China: Surfactant Treatment in Very Immature Infants"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Huanhuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital of Fudan University and the Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases of Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xirong","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Children\u2019s Hospital, Changsha, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuiqing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hebei Provincial Children\u2019s Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaoying","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinzhu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiamen Maternity Hospital, Xiamen, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changyi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Provincial Maternity Hospital, Fuzhou, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenlang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yuying Children\u2019s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chenzhou Children\u2019s Hospital, Chenzhou, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenying","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tai\u2019an Maternity Hospital, Tai\u2019an, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengqin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhengzhou Maternity Hospital, Zhengzhou, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinping","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningxia Medical University Hospital, Yinchuan, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianzhi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Provincial Maternity Hospital, Nanning, China; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing Children\u2019s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital of Fudan University and the Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases of Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital of Fudan University and the Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases of Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the Chinese Collaborative Study Group for Neonatal Respiratory Diseases","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120903012431500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e95","DOI":"10.1542\/neo.9-3-e95","article-title":"International perspectives: development of perinatal-neonatal medicine in China","volume":"9","author":"Sun","year":"2008","journal-title":"NeoReviews"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021120903012431500_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.7.2011060","article-title":"Bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"163","author":"Jobe","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120903012431500_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2003-0572-L","article-title":"Does the experience with the use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure improve over time in extremely low birth weight infants?","volume":"114","author":"Aly","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120903012431500_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.4.638","article-title":"Randomized trial of nasal synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation compared with continuous positive airway pressure after extubation of very low birth weight infants","volume":"107","author":"Barrington","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120903012431500_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.1.13","article-title":"A prospective randomized, controlled trial comparing synchronized nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure as modes of extubation","volume":"108","author":"Khalaf","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120903012431500_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1302","article-title":"Synchronized nasal intermittent positive-pressure ventilation and neonatal outcomes","volume":"124","author":"Bhandari","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120903012431500_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2007.01.032","article-title":"Nasal intermittent mandatory ventilation versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure for respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized, controlled, prospective study","volume":"150","author":"Kugelman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021120903012431500_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7210995","article-title":"Ten-year trends in neonatal assisted ventilation of very low-birthweight infants","volume":"23","author":"Rich","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"2021120903012431500_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.6.1194","article-title":"Do clinical markers of barotrauma and oxygen toxicity explain interhospital variation in rates of chronic lung disease?","volume":"105(6)","author":"Van Marter","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120903012431500_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1159\/000027482","article-title":"Risk factors in retinopathy of prematurity: a multivariate statistical analysis","volume":"214","author":"Seiberth","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120903012431500_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.100.6.987","article-title":"A longitudinal study of developmental outcome of infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and very low birth weight","volume":"100","author":"Singer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120903012431500_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200112000-00014","article-title":"Hypocapnia and other ventilation-related risk factors for cerebral palsy in low birth weight infants","volume":"50","author":"Collins","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120903012431500_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.1.e1","article-title":"Very low birth weight outcomes of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network, January 1995 through December 1996","volume":"107","author":"Lemons","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2021120903012431500_B14"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120903012431500_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.3.469","article-title":"Hypocarbia in preterm infants with periventricular leukomalacia: the relation between hypocarbia and mechanical ventilation","volume":"107","author":"Okumura","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120903012431500_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-2426","article-title":"Neonatal respiratory failure: a 12-month clinical epidemiologic study from 2004 to 2005 in China","volume":"121","author":"Qian","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2021120903012431500_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1159\/000320155","volume":"100(1)","author":"Ma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120903012431500_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1159\/000014005","article-title":"Epidemiology of neonatal acute respiratory disorders: a multicenter study on incidence and fatality rates of neonatal acute respiratory disorders according to gestational age, maternal age, pregnancy complications and type of delivery","volume":"74","author":"Rubaltelli","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol Neonate"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021120903012431500_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.7.2012126","article-title":"Epidemiology of neonatal respiratory failure in the United States: projections from California and New York","volume":"164","author":"Angus","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120903012431500_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211242","article-title":"The epidemiology of respiratory failure in neonates born at an estimated gestational age of 34 weeks or more","volume":"25","author":"Clark","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120903012431500_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2215","article-title":"The epidemiology of meconium aspiration syndrome: incidence, risk factors, therapies, and outcome","volume":"117","author":"Dargaville","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120903012431500_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2001.109608","article-title":"SNAP-II and SNAPPE-II: simplified newborn illness severity and mortality risk scores","volume":"138","author":"Richardson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2021120903012431500_B23","volume-title":"Avery\u2019s Diseases of the Newborn","author":"Taeusch","year":"1998","edition":"7th ed."},{"key":"2021120903012431500_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1981.tb06228.x","article-title":"Epidemiology and classification of acute, neonatal respiratory disorders: a prospective study","volume":"70(6)","author":"Hjarlmarson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021120903012431500_B25","first-page":"585","article-title":"Classification of acute respiratory disorders of all newborns in a tertiary care center","volume":"95","author":"Agrawal","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021120903012431500_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.123.7.991","article-title":"The international classification of retinopathy of prematurity revisited","volume":"123","author":"International Committee for the Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2021120903012431500_B27"},{"issue":"6 pt 1","key":"2021120903012431500_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.6.1253","article-title":"International Small for Gestational Age Advisory Board consensus development conference statement: management of short children born small for gestational age, April 24\u2013October 1, 2001","volume":"111","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120903012431500_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1159\/000297773","article-title":"European consensus guidelines on the management of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants\u20142010 update","volume":"97","author":"Sweet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120903012431500_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2007.00063.x","article-title":"Resuscitation and ventilation strategies for extremely preterm infants: a comparison study between two neonatal centers in Boston and Stockholm","volume":"96","author":"Vanp\u00e9e","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120903012431500_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000063302.76602.86","article-title":"Association of outcomes with organizational characteristics of neonatal intensive care units","volume":"31","author":"Pollack","year":"2003","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120903012431500_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199301000-00008","article-title":"Predicting mortality risk for infants weighing 501 to 1500 grams at birth: a National Institutes of Health Neonatal Research Network report","volume":"21","author":"Horbar","year":"1993","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120903012431500_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1053\/siny.1999.0001","article-title":"Outcomes of children of extremely low birthweight and gestational age in the 1990s","volume":"5","author":"Hack","year":"2000","journal-title":"Semin Neonatol"},{"key":"2021120903012431500_B34"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/129\/3\/e731\/1057337\/peds_2011-0725.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/129\/3\/e731\/1057337\/peds_2011-0725.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T16:34:29Z","timestamp":1639067669000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/129\/3\/e731\/31677\/Morbidity-and-Mortality-of-Neonatal-Respiratory"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2011-0725","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]}}}