{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T03:37:16Z","timestamp":1768448236000,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine trends in preventive asthma medication (PAM) use among children with current asthma in the United States from 1988 to 2008.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a cross-sectional analysis of PAM use among 2499 children aged 1 to 19 years with current asthma using nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during 3 time periods: 1988\u20131994, 1999\u20132002, and 2005\u20132008. PAMs included inhaled corticosteroids, leukotriene receptor antagonists, long-acting \u03b2-agonists, mast-cell stabilizers, and methylxanthines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among children with current asthma, there was an increase in the use of PAMs from 17.8% (SE: 3.3) in 1988\u20131994 to 34.9% (SE: 3.3) in 2005\u20132008 (P &amp;lt; .001 for trend). Adjusting for age, gender, race\/ethnicity, and health insurance status, the odds of PAM use were higher in 2005\u20132008 compared with 1988\u20131994 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5\u20134.5). A multivariate analysis, combining all 3 time periods, showed lower use of PAMs among non-Hispanic black (aOR = 0.5 [95% CI: 0.4\u20130.7]) and Mexican American (aOR = 0.6 [95% CI: 0.4\u20130.9]) children compared to non-Hispanic white children. PAM use was also lower in 12 to 19 year olds compared with 1 to 5 year olds and also in children who did not have health insurance compared with those who did.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between 1988 and 2008, the use of PAM increased among children with current asthma. Non-Hispanic black and Mexican American children, adolescents aged 12 to 19 years, and uninsured children with current asthma had lower use of PAM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-1513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,6]],"date-time":"2011-12-06T03:34:43Z","timestamp":1323142483000},"page":"62-69","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Trends in Preventive Asthma Medication Use Among Children and Adolescents, 1988\u20132008"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Brian K.","family":"Kit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys and"},{"name":"Epidemic Intelligence Service, Scientific Education and Professional Development Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; and"},{"name":"United States Public Health Service, Rockville, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan E.","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Analysis and Epidemiology, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia L.","family":"Ogden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lara J.","family":"Akinbami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Public Health Service, Rockville, Maryland"},{"name":"Office of Analysis and Epidemiology, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120903001188200_B1"},{"key":"2021120903001188200_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S131","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2233C","article-title":"Status of childhood asthma in the United States, 1980\u20132007","volume":"123","author":"Akinbami","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2021120903001188200_B3","volume-title":"Third Expert Panel on the Management of Asthma. 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