{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T12:14:42Z","timestamp":1789820082282,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study goal was to compare the efficacy of expressed breast milk (EBM) versus 25% glucose on pain responses of late preterm infants during heel lancing.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In a noninferiority randomized controlled trial, a total of 113 newborns were randomized to receive EBM (experimental group [EG]) or 25% glucose (control group [CG]) before undergoing heel lancing. The primary outcome was pain intensity (Premature Infant Pain Profile [PIPP]) and a 10% noninferiority margin was established. Secondary outcomes were incidence of cry and percentage of time spent crying and adverse events. Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis was used.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Groups were similar regarding demographics and clinical characteristics, except for birth weight and weight at data collection day. There were lower pain scores in the CG over 3 minutes after lancing (P &amp;lt; .001). A higher number of infants in the CG had PIPP scores indicative of minimal pain or absence of pain (P = .002 and P = .003 on ITT analysis) at 30 seconds after lancing, and the mean difference in PIPP scores was 3 (95% confidence interval: 1.507\u20134.483). Lower incidence of cry (P = .001) and shorter duration of crying (P = .014) were observed for CG. Adverse events were benign and self-limited, and there was no significant difference between groups (P = .736 and P = .637 on ITT analysis).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Results based on PIPP scores and crying time indicate poorer effects of EBM compared with 25% glucose during heel lancing. Additional studies exploring the vol and administration of EBM and its combination with other strategies such as skin-to-skin contact and sucking are necessary.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-2024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,6]],"date-time":"2012-03-06T04:16:41Z","timestamp":1331007401000},"page":"664-670","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Breast Milk and Glucose for Pain Relief in Preterm Infants: A Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Mariana","family":"Bueno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal-Child and Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bonnie","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada;"},{"name":"Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia Ponce","family":"de Camargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal-Child and Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil;"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edi","family":"Toma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vera L\u00facia Jornada","family":"Krebs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, 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