{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T17:18:22Z","timestamp":1790011102557,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Growth-restricted preterm infants are at increased risk of developing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and initiation of enteral feeding is frequently delayed. There is no evidence that this delay is beneficial and it might further compromise nutrition and growth.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Infants with gestation below 35 weeks, birth weight below the 10th centile, and abnormal antenatal umbilical artery Doppler waveforms were randomly allocated to commence enteral feeds \u201cearly,\u201d on day 2 after birth, or \u201clate,\u201d on day 6. Gradual increase in feeds was guided by a \u201cfeeding prescription\u201d with rate of increase the same for both groups. Primary outcomes were time to achieve full enteral feeding sustained for 72 hours and NEC.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Four hundred four infants were randomly assigned from 54 hospitals in the United Kingdom and Ireland (202 to each group). Median gestation was 31 weeks. Full, sustained, enteral feeding was achieved at an earlier age in the early group: median age was 18 days compared with 21 days (hazard ratio: 1.36 [95% confidence interval: 1.11\u20131.67]). There was no evidence of a difference in the incidence of NEC: 18% in the early group and 15% in the late group (relative risk: 1.2 [95% confidence interval: 0.77\u20131.87]). Early feeding resulted in shorter duration of parenteral nutrition and high-dependency care, lower incidence of cholestatic jaundice, and improved SD score for weight at discharge.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Early introduction of enteral feeds in growth-restricted preterm infants results in earlier achievement of full enteral feeding and does not appear to increase the risk of NEC.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-2379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,10]],"date-time":"2012-04-10T00:14:41Z","timestamp":1334016881000},"page":"e1260-e1268","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":134,"title":["Early or Delayed Enteral Feeding for Preterm Growth-Restricted Infants: A Randomized Trial"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Alison","family":"Leaf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Nutrition, Diet, and Lifestyle, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Dorling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Kempley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenny","family":"McCormick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Mannix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Linsell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit Clinical Trials Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edmund","family":"Juszczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit Clinical Trials Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Brocklehurst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit Clinical Trials Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and"},{"name":"Institute for Women\u2019s Health, University College, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the Abnormal Doppler Enteral Prescription Trial Collaborative Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6563","key":"2022051622595242400_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.294.6563.13","article-title":"Doppler studies in the growth retarded fetus and prediction of neonatal necrotising enterocolitis, haemorrhage, and neonatal morbidity.","volume":"294","author":"Hackett","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"issue":"8938","key":"2022051622595242400_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)90457-X","article-title":"Clinical significance of absent or reversed end diastolic velocity waveforms in umbilical artery.","volume":"344","author":"Karsdorp","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022051622595242400_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1977.tb12550.x","article-title":"Ultrasound measurement of the fetal head to abdomen circumference ratio in the assessment of growth retardation.","volume":"84","author":"Campbell","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022051622595242400_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198811000-00014","article-title":"Fetal internal carotid and umbilical artery blood flow velocity waveforms as a measure of fetal well-being in intrauterine growth retardation.","volume":"24","author":"Wladimiroff","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"spec no 7","key":"2022051622595242400_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.66.7_Spec_No.805","article-title":"Absent or reversed end diastolic flow velocity in the umbilical artery and necrotising enterocolitis.","volume":"66","author":"Malcolm","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022051622595242400_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-994429","article-title":"Ultrasound predictors of neonatal outcome in intrauterine growth restriction.","volume":"13","author":"Craigo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022051622595242400_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F359","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.060350","article-title":"Feeding growth restricted preterm infants with abnormal antenatal Doppler results.","volume":"90","author":"Dorling","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"22","key":"2022051622595242400_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2452","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1978.03290220064019","article-title":"Preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates.","volume":"240","author":"Brown","year":"1978","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022051622595242400_B9","first-page":"CD001970","article-title":"Delayed introduction of progressive enteral feeds to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants.","author":"Bombell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022051622595242400_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1243310","article-title":"Early versus delayed minimal enteral feeding and risk for necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm growth-restricted infants with abnormal antenatal Doppler results.","volume":"27","author":"Karagianni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"2022051622595242400_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A3","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2010.186338.6","article-title":"Early or late enteral feeding for preterm growth restricted infants? 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