{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T17:41:32Z","timestamp":1791135692871,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe trends in outpatient prescription drug utilization in US children and the changes in major areas of pediatric therapeutic use for the years 2002 through 2010.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Large prescription databases (the IMS Vector One: National and Total Patient Tracker) were used to examine national drug utilization patterns for the US pediatric population (ages 0\u201317 years) from 2002 through 2010.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 2010, a total of 263.6 million prescriptions were dispensed to the US pediatric population, 7% lower than in 2002, while prescriptions dispensed to the adult population increased 22% during the same time. Analysis of pediatric drug utilization trends for the top 12 therapeutic areas in 2010 compared with 2002 showed decreases in systemic antibiotics (\u201314%), allergies (\u201361%), pain (\u201314%), depression (\u20135%), and cough\/cold without expectorant (\u201342%) prescriptions, whereas asthma (14%), attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (46%), and contraceptive (93%) prescriptions increased. In 2010, amoxicillin was the most frequently dispensed prescription in infants (aged 0\u201323 months) and children (aged 2\u201311 years). Methylphenidate was the top prescription dispensed to adolescents (aged 12\u201317 years). Off-label use was identified, particularly for lansoprazole; \u223c358\u2009000 prescriptions were dispensed in 2010 for infants &amp;lt;1 year old.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Changes in the patterns of pediatric drug utilization were observed from 2002 to 2010. Changes include a decrease in antibiotic use and an increase in attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder medication use during the examined time. This article provides an overview of pediatric outpatient drug utilization, which could set the stage for further in-depth analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-2879","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,18]],"date-time":"2012-06-18T20:55:39Z","timestamp":1340052939000},"page":"23-31","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":303,"title":["Trends of Outpatient Prescription Drug Utilization in US Children, 2002\u20132010"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"Grace","family":"Chai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology, Division of Epidemiology II, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Governale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology, Division of Epidemiology II, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann W.","family":"McMahon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Pediatric Therapeutics, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James Phillip","family":"Trinidad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology, Division of Epidemiology II, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judy","family":"Staffa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology, Division of Epidemiology II, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dianne","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Pediatric Therapeutics, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2021120821064551900_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(68)80414-7","article-title":"Therapeutic orphans.","volume":"72","author":"Shirkey","year":"1968","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2021120821064551900_B2","first-page":"411","volume-title":"Pragmatic Assessment of Medicines Available for Young Children and Pregnant or Breast-feeding Women. 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