{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T10:20:41Z","timestamp":1783938041645,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Observational studies suggest that serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) are inversely associated with acute respiratory infections (ARIs). We hypothesized that vitamin D supplementation of children with vitamin D deficiency would lower the risk of ARIs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>By using cluster randomization, classrooms of 744 Mongolian schoolchildren were randomly assigned to different treatments in winter (January\u2013March). This analysis focused on a subset of 247 children who were assigned to daily ingestion of unfortified regular milk (control; n = 104) or milk fortified with 300 IU of vitamin D3 (n = 143). This comparison was double-blinded. The primary outcome was the number of parent-reported ARIs over the past 3 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At baseline, the median serum 25(OH)D level was 7 ng\/mL (interquartile range: 5\u201310 ng\/mL). At the end of the trial, follow-up was 99% (n = 244), and the median 25(OH)D levels of children in the control versus vitamin D groups was significantly different (7 vs 19 ng\/mL; P &amp;lt; .001). Compared with controls, children receiving vitamin D reported significantly fewer ARIs during the study period (mean: 0.80 vs 0.45; P = .047), with a rate ratio of 0.52 (95% confidence interval: 0.31\u20130.89). Adjusting for age, gender, and history of wheezing, vitamin D continued to halve the risk of ARI (rate ratio: 0.50 [95% confidence interval: 0.28\u20130.88]). Similar results were found among children either below or above the median 25(OH)D level at baseline (rate ratio: 0.41 vs 0.57; Pinteraction = .27).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced the risk of ARIs in winter among Mongolian children with vitamin D deficiency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,20]],"date-time":"2012-08-20T20:34:57Z","timestamp":1345494897000},"page":"e561-e567","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":238,"title":["Randomized Trial of Vitamin D Supplementation and Risk of Acute Respiratory Infection in Mongolia"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"130","author":[{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Carlos A.","family":"Camargo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;"},{"name":"Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davaasambuu","family":"Ganmaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;"},{"name":"Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts;"},{"name":"Health Sciences University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Lindsay","family":"Frazier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;"},{"name":"Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts;"},{"name":"Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franca F.","family":"Kirchberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer J.","family":"Stuart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts;"},{"name":"Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Kleinman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;"},{"name":"Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; 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