{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T14:29:48Z","timestamp":1790260188246,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The number of births in the United States decreased by 3% between 2008 and 2009 to 4\u2009130\u2009665 births. The general fertility rate also declined 3% to 66.7 per 1000 women. The teenage birth rate fell 6% to 39.1 per 1000. Birth rates also declined for women 20 to 39 years and for all 5-year groups, but the rate for women 40 to 44 years continued to rise. The percentage of all births to unmarried women increased to 41.0% in 2009, up from 40.6% in 2008. In 2009, 32.9% of all births occurred by cesarean delivery, continuing its rise. The 2009 preterm birth rate declined for the third year in a row to 12.18%. The low-birth-weight rate was unchanged in 2009 at 8.16%. Both twin and triplet and higher order birth rates increased. The infant mortality rate was 6.42 infant deaths per 1000 live births in 2009. The rate is significantly lower than the rate of 6.61 in 2008. Linked birth and infant death data from 2007 showed that non-Hispanic black infants continued to have much higher mortality rates than non-Hispanic white and Hispanic infants. Life expectancy at birth was 78.2 years in 2009. Crude death rates for children and adolescents aged 1 to 19 years decreased by 6.5% between 2008 and 2009. Unintentional injuries and homicide, the first and second leading causes of death jointly accounted for 48.6% of all deaths to children and adolescents in 2009.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,31]],"date-time":"2012-01-31T05:38:25Z","timestamp":1327988305000},"page":"338-348","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":153,"title":["Annual Summary of Vital Statistics: 2009"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Kenneth D.","family":"Kochanek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vital Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon E.","family":"Kirmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vital Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyce A.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vital Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna M.","family":"Strobino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Family Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Guyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Family Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2021120903142803700_B1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Births: final data for 2009","volume":"60","author":"Martin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120903142803700_B2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Births: final data for 2008","volume":"59","author":"Martin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120903142803700_B3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Deaths: preliminary data for 2009","volume":"59","author":"Kochanek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021120903142803700_B4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Deaths: final data for 2008","volume":"59","author":"Mini\u0148o","year":"2011","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"key":"2021120903142803700_B5","unstructured":"National Center for Health Statistics. 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