{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T22:05:11Z","timestamp":1793225111514,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of meningitis in young infants. We evaluated long-term outcomes among GBS meningitis survivors. We hypothesized that despite reduced mortality, GBS meningitis would remain a significant cause of morbidity among GBS survivors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ninety term and near-term infants diagnosed with GBS meningitis from 1998 through 2006 were identified from 2 children\u2019s hospitals. Five died acutely, and 5 died at 6 months to 3 years of age. Forty-three survivors (54%; mean age 6.8, range 3\u201312 years) were consented for evaluation and underwent physical and neurologic examinations, hearing and vision screening, and standardized developmental assessments. Associations among presenting features, laboratory parameters, neurologic status at hospital discharge, and later developmental outcomes were explored by using descriptive statistics and logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-four of 43 (56%) children evaluated demonstrated age-appropriate development, 11 (25%) had mild-to-moderate impairment, and 8 (19%) had severe impairment. Admission features associated with death after hospital discharge or severe impairment included lethargy (P = .003), respiratory distress (P = .022), coma or semicoma (P = .022), seizures (P = .015), bulging fontanel (P = .034), leukopenia (P = .026), acidosis (P = .024), cerebrospinal fluid protein &amp;gt;300 mg\/dL (P = .006), cerebrospinal fluid glucose &amp;lt;20 mg\/dL (P = .026), and need for ventilator (P = .002) or pressor support (P &amp;lt; .001). Features at discharge associated with late death or severe impairment included failed hearing screen (P = .004), abnormal neurologic examination (P &amp;lt; .001), and abnormal end of therapy brain imaging (P = .038).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Survivors of GBS meningitis continue to have substantial long-term morbidity, highlighting the need for ongoing developmental follow-up and prevention strategies such as maternal immunization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3453","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,12]],"date-time":"2012-06-12T00:29:05Z","timestamp":1339460945000},"page":"e8-e15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":175,"title":["Long-term Outcomes of Group B Streptococcal Meningitis"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"Romina","family":"Libster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n INFANT, Buenos Aires, Argentina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn M.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma","family":"Levent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, Texas;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morven S.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcia A.","family":"Rench","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis A.","family":"Castagnini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blank Children\u2019s Hospital, Des Moines, Iowa; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Sparks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol J.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prachi E.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"17","key":"2021120821045273200_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2056","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.299.17.2056","article-title":"Epidemiology of invasive group B streptococcal disease in the United States, 1999\u20132005.","volume":"299","author":"Phares","year":"2008","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120821045273200_B2","first-page":"109","article-title":"Trends in perinatal group B streptococcal disease\u2014United States, 2000\u20132006.","volume":"58","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2009","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"RR-10","key":"2021120821045273200_B3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease\u2014revised guidelines from CDC, 2010.","volume":"59","author":"Verani","year":"2010","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"issue":"21","key":"2021120821045273200_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1005384","article-title":"Bacterial meningitis in the United States, 1998\u20132007.","volume":"364","author":"Thigpen","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2021120821045273200_B5","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2010. 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