{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T11:13:07Z","timestamp":1790161987830,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aims of this study were to compare prevalence rates of human papillomavirus (HPV) in young women before and after HPV vaccine introduction to determine the following: (1) whether vaccine-type HPV infection decreased, (2) whether there was evidence of herd protection, and (3) whether there was evidence for type-replacement (increased prevalence of nonvaccine-type HPV).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Young women 13 to 26 years of age who had had sexual contact were recruited from 2 primary care clinics in 2006\u20132007 for a prevaccination surveillance study (N = 368, none were vaccinated) and 2009\u20132010 for a postvaccination surveillance study (N = 409, 59% were vaccinated). Participants completed a questionnaire and were tested for cervicovaginal HPV DNA. HPV prevalence rates were compared in the pre- versus postsurveillance studies by using \u03c72 tests. Propensity score weighting was used to balance differences in covariates between the 2 surveillance studies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The mean age was \u223c19 years for both groups of participants and most were African American and non-Hispanic. After propensity score weighting, the prevalence rate for vaccine-type HPV decreased substantially (31.7%\u201313.4%, P &amp;lt; .0001). The decrease in vaccine-type HPV not only occurred among vaccinated (31.8%\u20139.9%, P &amp;lt; .0001) but also among unvaccinated (30.2%\u201315.4%, P &amp;lt; .0001) postsurveillance study participants. Nonvaccine-type HPV increased (60.7%\u201375.9%, P &amp;lt; .0001) for vaccinated postsurveillance study participants.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Four years after licensing of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine, there was a substantial decrease in vaccine-type HPV prevalence and evidence of herd protection in this community. The increase in nonvaccine-type HPV in vaccinated participants should be interpreted with caution but warrants further study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,10]],"date-time":"2012-07-10T14:17:09Z","timestamp":1341929829000},"page":"e249-e256","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":120,"title":["Vaccine-Type Human Papillomavirus and Evidence of Herd Protection After Vaccine Introduction"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"Jessica A.","family":"Kahn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Adolescent Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darron R.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Infectious Diseases and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics and Epidemiology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lea E.","family":"Widdice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Adolescent Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcia L.","family":"Shew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adolescent Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Glynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Adolescent Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David I.","family":"Bernstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; 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