{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T03:26:15Z","timestamp":1768879575271,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Invasive Cronobacter infection is rare, devastating, and epidemiologically\/microbiologically linked to powdered infant formulas (PIFs). In 2002\u20132004, the US Food and Drug Administration advised health care professionals to minimize PIF and powdered human milk fortifier (HMF)\u2019s preparation, feeding, and storage times and avoid feeding them to hospitalized premature or immunocompromised neonates. Labels for PIF used at home imply PIF is safe for healthy, term infants if label instructions are followed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>1) Medical, public health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Food and Drug Administration, and World Health Organization records, publications, and personal communications were used to compare 68 (1958\u20132003) and 30 (2004\u20132010) cases of invasive Cronobacter disease in children without underlying disorders. 2) The costs of PIFs and ready-to-feed formulas (RTFs) were compared.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ninety-nine percent (95\/96) of all infected infants were &amp;lt;2 months old. In 2004\u20132010, 59% (17\/29) were term, versus 24% (15\/63) in 1958\u20132003; 52% (15\/29) became symptomatic at home, versus 21% (13\/61). Of all infected infants, 26% (22\/83) had received breast milk (BM), 23% (19\/82) RTF, and 90% (76\/84) PIF or HMF. Eight percent received BM and not PIF\/HMF; 5%, RTF without PIF\/HMF. For at least 10 PIF-fed infants, label instructions were reportedly followed. Twenty-four ounces of milk-based RTF cost $0.84 more than milk-based PIF; 24 ounces of soy-based RTF cost $0.24 less than soy-based PIF.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cronobacter can infect healthy, term (not just hospitalized preterm) young infants. Invasive Cronobacter infection is extremely unusual in infants not fed PIF\/HMF. RTFs are commercially sterile, require minimal preparation, and are competitively priced. The exclusive use of BM and\/or RTF for infants &amp;lt;2 months old should be encouraged.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,9]],"date-time":"2012-10-09T01:01:54Z","timestamp":1349744514000},"page":"e1076-e1084","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Prevention of Invasive <i>Cronobacter<\/i> Infections in Young Infants Fed Powdered Infant Formulas"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"Janine","family":"Jason","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jason and Jarvis Associates, LLC, Hilton Head Island, South Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2021120903574779900_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-30-3-569","article-title":"Enterobacter sakazakii: a new species of \u201cEnterobacteriaceae\u201d isolated from clinical specimens.","volume":"30","author":"Farmer","year":"1980","journal-title":"Int J Syst Bacteriol"},{"issue":"pt 6","key":"2021120903574779900_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.65577-0","article-title":"Cronobacter gen. nov., a new genus to accommodate the biogroups of Enterobacter sakazakii, and proposal of Cronobacter sakazakii gen. nov., comb. nov., Cronobacter malonaticus sp. nov., Cronobacter turicensis sp. nov., Cronobacter muytjensii sp. nov., Cronobacter dublinensis sp. nov., Cronobacter genomospecies 1, and of three subspecies, Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. dublinensis subsp. nov., Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. lausannensis subsp. nov. and Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. lactaridi subsp. nov.","volume":"58","author":"Iversen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"issue":"7172","key":"2021120903574779900_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(61)91481-7","article-title":"Neonatal death from pigmented coliform infection.","volume":"1","author":"Urmenyi","year":"1961","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021120903574779900_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1086\/501019","article-title":"Enterobacter sakazakii: an emerging pathogen in powdered infant formula.","volume":"42","author":"Drudy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021120903574779900_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1208.051509","article-title":"Invasive Enterobacter sakazakii disease in infants.","volume":"12","author":"Bowen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021120903574779900_B6","article-title":"Enterobacter sakazakii disease and epidemiology","volume-title":"Enterobacter Sakazakii","author":"Bowen","year":"2008"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021120903574779900_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-72.11.2363","article-title":"Neonatal mice as models for Cronobacter sakazakii infection in infants.","volume":"72","author":"Richardson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Food Prot"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120903574779900_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2008.164","article-title":"Brain damage in newborn rat model of meningitis by Enterobacter sakazakii: a role for outer membrane protein A.","volume":"89","author":"Mittal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021120903574779900_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-11-257","article-title":"Two cases of hemorrhagic diarrhea caused by Cronobacter sakazakii in hospitalized nursing infants associated with the consumption of powdered infant formula.","volume":"74","author":"Flores","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Food Prot"},{"key":"2021120903574779900_B10","unstructured":"CDC. 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