{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T16:26:16Z","timestamp":1792686376417,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether African American children with forearm fractures have decreased bone mineral density and an increased prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level \u226420 ng\/mL) compared with fracture-free control patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case-control study in African American children, aged 5 to 9 years, included case patients with forearm fracture and control patients without fracture. Evaluation included measurement of bone mineral density and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level. Univariable and multivariable analyses were used to test for associations between fracture status and 2 measures of bone health (bone mineral density and 25-hydroxyvitamin D level) while controlling for other potential confounders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The final sample included 76 case and 74 control patients. There were no significant differences between case and control patients in age, gender, parental education level, enrollment season, outdoor play time, height, or mean dietary calcium nutrient density. Cases were more likely than control patients to be overweight (49.3% vs 31.4%, P = .03). Compared with control patients, case patients had lower whole body z scores for bone mineral density (0.62 \u00b1 0.96 vs 0.98 \u00b1 1.09; adjusted odds ratio 0.38 [0.20\u20130.72]) and were more likely to be vitamin D deficient (47.1% vs 40.8%; adjusted odds ratio 3.46 [1.09\u201310.94]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These data support an association of lower bone mineral density and vitamin D deficiency with increased odds of forearm fracture among African American children. Because suboptimal childhood bone health also negatively impacts adult bone health, interventions to increase bone mineral density and correct vitamin D deficiency are indicated in this population to provide short-term and long-term benefits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-0134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,27]],"date-time":"2012-08-27T20:32:03Z","timestamp":1346099523000},"page":"e553-e560","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Bone Mineral Density and Vitamin D Status Among African American Children With Forearm Fractures"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"Leticia Manning","family":"Ryan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine,"},{"name":"Center for Clinical and Community Research,"},{"name":"Departments of Integrative Systems Biology,"},{"name":"Pediatrics, and"},{"name":"Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Teach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine,"},{"name":"Center for Clinical and Community Research,"},{"name":"Pediatrics, and"},{"name":"Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven A.","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical and Community Research,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Freishtat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine,"},{"name":"Departments of Integrative Systems Biology,"},{"name":"Pediatrics, and"},{"name":"Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph L.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine,"},{"name":"Center for Clinical and Community Research,"},{"name":"Pediatrics, and"},{"name":"Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC"},{"name":"Child Health Advocacy Institute, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"McCarter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical and Community Research,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Tosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Chamberlain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine,"},{"name":"Center for Clinical and Community Research,"},{"name":"Pediatrics, and"},{"name":"Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"2021120900264388500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.11.1479","article-title":"Incidence of childhood distal forearm fractures over 30 years: a population-based study.","volume":"290","author":"Khosla","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2021120900264388500_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678309155630","article-title":"Fracture patterns in children. 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