{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T04:21:16Z","timestamp":1793506876552,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children walking on their toes instead of with a typical gait, without evidence of an underlying medical condition, are defined as idiopathic toe-walkers. The prevalence of idiopathic toe-walking is unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional prevalence study of 5.5-year-old children (n = 1436) living in Blekinge County, Sweden, was performed at the regular 5.5-year visit to the local child welfare center. Children were assessed for a history of toe-walking or whether they still walked on their toes. Additionally, all 5.5-year-old children (n = 35) admitted to the clinic for children with special needs in the county were assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 1436 children in the cohort (750 boys, 686 girls), 30 children (2.1%, 20 boys and 10 girls) still walked on their toes at age 5.5 years and were considered as active toe-walkers. Forty children (2.8%, 22 boys and 18 girls) had previously walked on their toes but had stopped before the 5.5-year visit and were considered as inactive toe-walkers. At age 5.5 years, the total prevalence of toe-walking was 70 (4.9%) of 1436. For children with a neuropsychiatric diagnosis or developmental delay, the total prevalence for active or inactive toe-walking was 7 (41.2%) of 17.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study establishes the prevalence and- early spontaneous course of idiopathic toe-walking in 5.5-year-old children. At this age, more than half of the children have spontaneously ceased to walk on their toes. The study confirms earlier findings that toe-walking has a high prevalence among children with a cognitive disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-0225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,24]],"date-time":"2012-07-24T00:35:16Z","timestamp":1343090116000},"page":"279-284","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["The Prevalence and Course of Idiopathic Toe-Walking in 5-Year-Old Children"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"P\u00e4hr","family":"Engstr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Tedroff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"2021120821050100300_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012162299001681","article-title":"Idiopathic toe-walking: a review.","volume":"41","author":"Sala","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120821050100300_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-87-1-17","article-title":"Effect of persistent toe walking on ankle equinus. 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