{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:04:28Z","timestamp":1791497068122,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n To compare neonatal outcomes of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants admitted to NICUs participating in the Canadian Neonatal Network and the Neonatal Research Network of Japan.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n Secondary analyses of VLBW infants in both national databases between 2006 and 2008 were conducted. The primary outcome was a composite of mortality or any major morbidity defined as severe neurologic injury, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, or severe retinopathy of prematurity at discharge. Secondary outcomes included individual components of primary outcome and late-onset sepsis. Logistic regression adjusting for confounders was performed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n A total of 5341 infants from the Canadian Neonatal Network and 9812 infants from the Neonatal Research Network of Japan were compared. There were higher rates of maternal hypertension, diabetes mellitus, outborn, prenatal steroid use, and multiples in Canada, whereas cesarean deliveries were higher in Japan. Composite primary outcome was better in Japan in comparison with Canada (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.79\u20130.96). The odds of mortality (AOR 0.40, 95% CI 0.34\u20130.47), severe neurologic injury (AOR 0.57, 95% CI 0.49\u20130.66), necrotizing enterocolitis (AOR 0.23, 95% CI 0.19\u20130.29), and late-onset sepsis (AOR 0.22, 95% CI 0.19\u20130.25) were lower in Japan; however, the odds of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (AOR 1.24, 95% CI 1.10\u20131.42) and severe retinopathy of prematurity (AOR 1.98, 95%CI 1.69\u20132.33) were higher in Japan.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n Composite outcome of mortality or major morbidity was significantly lower in Japan than Canada for VLBW infants. However, there were significant differences in various individual outcomes identifying areas for improvement for both networks.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-0336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,11]],"date-time":"2012-09-11T00:29:55Z","timestamp":1347323395000},"page":"e957-e965","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":140,"title":["Comparison of Mortality and Morbidity of Very Low Birth Weight Infants Between Canada and Japan"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Isayama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoo K.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;"},{"name":"Maternal-Infant Care Research Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rintaro","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Kusuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokyo Women`s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masanori","family":"Fujimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang Y.","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal-Infant Care Research Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prakesh S.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;"},{"name":"Maternal-Infant Care Research Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the Canadian Neonatal Network and the Neonatal Research Network of Japan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2021120823522572800_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.5.1223","article-title":"Changes in mortality for extremely low birth weight infants in the 1990s: implications for treatment decisions and resource use.","volume":"113","author":"Meadow","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120823522572800_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-1472","article-title":"No improvement in outcome of nationwide extremely low birth weight infant populations between 1996-1997 and 1999-2000.","volume":"119","author":"Tommiska","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1 pt 1","key":"2021120823522572800_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.1.143","article-title":"Trends in mortality and morbidity for very low birth weight infants, 1991-1999.","volume":"110","author":"Horbar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120823522572800_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2724","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality of infants with very low birth weight in Japan: center variation.","volume":"118","author":"Kusuda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120823522572800_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2959","article-title":"Neonatal outcomes of extremely preterm infants from the NICHD Neonatal Research Network.","volume":"126","author":"Stoll","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120823522572800_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2011.68","article-title":"Outcomes of preterm infants <29 weeks gestation over 10-year period in Canada: a cause for concern?","volume":"32","author":"Shah","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120823522572800_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.5.1070","article-title":"Variations in practice and outcomes in the Canadian NICU network: 1996-1997.","volume":"106","author":"Lee","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"19","key":"2021120823522572800_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra067279","article-title":"Chronic lung disease after premature birth.","volume":"357","author":"Baraldi","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120823522572800_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F34","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2006.094169","article-title":"Prenatal predictors of mortality in very preterm infants cared for in the Australian and New Zealand Neonatal Network.","volume":"92","author":"Evans","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120823522572800_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-0763","article-title":"Mortality rates for extremely low birth weight infants born in Japan in 2005.","volume":"123","author":"Itabashi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2021120823522572800_B11","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. 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