{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T01:32:02Z","timestamp":1790299922519,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Understanding the risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) early in the life course is important for prevention. Whether genetic information improves prediction models for diabetes from adolescence into adulthood is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>With the use of data from 1030 participants in the Bogalusa Heart Study aged 12 to 18 followed into middle adulthood, we built Cox models for incident T2D with risk factors assessed in adolescence (demographics, family history, physical examination, and routine biomarkers). Models with and without a 38 single-nucleotide polymorphism diabetes genotype score were compared by C statistics and continuous net reclassification improvement indices.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Participant mean (\u00b1 SD) age at baseline was 14.4 \u00b1 1.6 years, and 32% were black. Ninety (8.7%) participants developed T2D over a mean 26.9 \u00b1 5.0 years of follow-up. Genotype score significantly predicted T2D in all models. Hazard ratios ranged from 1.09 per risk allele (95% confidence interval 1.03\u20131.15) in the basic demographic model to 1.06 (95% confidence interval 1.00\u20131.13) in the full model. The addition of genotype score did not improve the discrimination of the full clinical model (C statistic 0.756 without and 0.760 with genotype score). In the full model, genotype score had weak improvement in reclassification (net reclassification improvement index 0.261).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Although a genotype score assessed among white and black adolescents is significantly associated with T2D in adulthood, it does not improve prediction over clinical risk factors. Genetic screening for T2D in its current state is not a useful addition to adolescents\u2019 clinical care.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-1132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,16]],"date-time":"2012-10-16T01:52:40Z","timestamp":1350352360000},"page":"e1235-e1242","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Genotype Prediction of Adult Type 2 Diabetes From Adolescence in a Multiracial Population"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"Jason L.","family":"Vassy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"General Medicine Division, and"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pronabesh","family":"DasMahapatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cardiovascular Health, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James B.","family":"Meigs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Medicine Division, and"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Schork","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scripps Translational Science Institute and Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Costan G.","family":"Magnussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Research Institute, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia;"},{"name":"Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cardiovascular Health, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olli T.","family":"Raitakari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Pencina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seema M.","family":"Jamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald S.","family":"Berenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cardiovascular Health, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Child & Adolescent Health Research and Policy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;"},{"name":"Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120903105748200_B1","volume-title":"National Diabetes Fact Sheet: National Estimates and General Information of Diabetes and Prediabetes in the United States, 2011","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2011"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120903105748200_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012512","article-title":"Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.","volume":"346","author":"Knowler","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"2021120903105748200_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200105033441801","article-title":"Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance.","volume":"344","author":"Tuomilehto","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120903105748200_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.20.4.537","article-title":"Effects of diet and exercise in preventing NIDDM in people with impaired glucose tolerance. 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