{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T17:25:36Z","timestamp":1791912336026,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize the health care burden of influenza from 2004 through 2009, years when influenza vaccine recommendations were expanded to all children aged \u22656 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Population-based surveillance for laboratory-confirmed influenza was performed among children aged &amp;lt;5 years presenting with fever and\/or acute respiratory illness to inpatient and outpatient settings during 5 influenza seasons in 3 US counties. Enrolled children had nasal\/throat swabs tested for influenza by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and their medical records reviewed. Rates of influenza hospitalizations per 1000 population and proportions of outpatients (emergency department and clinic) with influenza were computed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study population comprised 2970, 2698, and 2920 children from inpatient, emergency department, and clinic settings, respectively. The single-season influenza hospitalization rates were 0.4 to 1.0 per 1000 children aged &amp;lt;5 years and highest for infants &amp;lt;6 months. The proportion of outpatient children with influenza ranged from 10% to 25% annually. Among children hospitalized with influenza, 58% had physician-ordered influenza testing, 35% had discharge diagnoses of influenza, and 2% received antiviral medication. Among outpatients with influenza, 7% were tested for influenza, 7% were diagnosed with influenza, and &amp;lt;1% had antiviral treatment. Throughout the 5 study seasons, &amp;lt;45% of influenza-negative children \u22656 months were fully vaccinated against influenza.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite expanded vaccination recommendations, many children are insufficiently vaccinated, and substantial influenza burden remains. Antiviral use was low. Future studies need to evaluate trends in use of vaccine and antiviral agents and their impact on disease burden and identify strategies to prevent influenza in young infants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-1255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,8]],"date-time":"2013-01-08T18:12:31Z","timestamp":1357668751000},"page":"207-216","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":169,"title":["The Burden of Influenza in Young Children, 2004\u20132009"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Katherine A.","family":"Poehling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics,"},{"name":"Epidemiology and Prevention, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn M.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie R.","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine,"},{"name":"Preventive Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter G.","family":"Szilagyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary A.","family":"Staat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marika K.","family":"Iwane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beverly M.","family":"Snively","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia K.","family":"Suerken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline B.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and"},{"name":"Medicine, University of Rochester Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey A.","family":"Weinberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra S.","family":"Chaves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuwei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica M.","family":"McNeal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn B.","family":"Bridges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"RR-6","key":"2021120903235358000_B1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevention and control of influenza: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP).","volume":"53","author":"Harper","year":"2004","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"2021120903235358000_B2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevention and control of influenza: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP).","volume":"55","author":"Smith","year":"2006","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"2021120903235358000_B3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevention and control of influenza: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2008.","volume":"57","author":"Fiore","year":"2008","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120903235358000_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054869","article-title":"The underrecognized burden of influenza in young children.","volume":"355","author":"Poehling","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"48","key":"2021120903235358000_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.09.037","article-title":"Vaccine effectiveness for laboratory-confirmed influenza in children 6\u201359 months of age, 2005\u20132007.","volume":"29","author":"Staat","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120903235358000_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.6.1758","article-title":"Population-based surveillance for hospitalizations associated with respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus, and parainfluenza viruses among young children.","volume":"113","author":"Iwane","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2021120903235358000_B7","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevention and control of influenza. 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