{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T18:58:35Z","timestamp":1789498715789,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study investigated the incidence and risk factors of chronic daily headache (CDH) and its major subtypes in young adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A field cohort of 3342 adolescents aged 13 to 14 was established in 3 middle schools in Taitung, Taiwan, from 2005 to 2007. Participants without CDH at baseline were annually followed up for 1 to 2 years using the same questionnaires, including the Adolescent Depression Inventory and Pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment. The neurologists made the headache diagnoses based on clinical interviews and headache diaries. The person-time incidence rates and risk factors of incident CDH and its subtypes (ie, chronic migraine [CM] and chronic tension-type headache [CTTH]) were calculated by using Cox proportional hazards models.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The cohort completed 5586 person-years (PYs) of follow-up. Sixty-three subjects (21 boys\/42 girls) developed incident CDH with an incidence rate of 1.13 per 100 PYs, including 37 with CM (0.66 per 100 PYs) and 22 with CTTH (0.39 per 100 PYs). Thirty-three subjects (52%) had a baseline diagnosis of migraine. The independent risk factors for incident CDH included female gender, acute family financial distress, obesity, higher headache frequency, and a baseline diagnosis of migraine. A higher headache frequency was the only identical risk factor for CDH, CM, and CTTH. A baseline diagnosis of migraine and obesity were significant predictors for both CM and CDH. Female gender was a significant predictor for both CTTH and CDH.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Incident CDH was common in young adolescents. Some risk factors for incident CM and CTTH were different.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-1909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,18]],"date-time":"2013-06-18T04:50:57Z","timestamp":1371531057000},"page":"e9-e16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Incidence and Risk Factors of Chronic Daily Headache in Young Adolescents: A School Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"Shiang-Ru","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong-Ling","family":"Fuh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology and"},{"name":"Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan;"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Neurologic Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuu-Jiun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology and"},{"name":"Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan;"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Neurologic Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai-Dih","family":"Juang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry, and"},{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shih-Pin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology and"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Neurologic Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Chu","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology and"},{"name":"Neurology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yen-Feng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology and"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Neurologic Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2021120900102677100_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp042897","article-title":"Clinical practice. 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