{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T20:55:23Z","timestamp":1778014523613,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine exposure to tobacco smoke products (TSPs), environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), and in-home smoke among youth with asthma in the United States.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nationally representative, cross-sectional data from 2250 youth aged 4 to 19 years with current asthma in the 1988\u20131994, 1999\u20132004, and 2005\u20132010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed. Outcomes were use of TSPs (serum cotinine level &amp;gt;10 ng\/mL or self-reported recent use of cigarettes, cigars, or pipes) and, among non-TSP users, ETS exposure (serum cotinine \u22650.05 ng\/mL) and in-home smoke exposure (reported). Multiple logistic regression analyses assessed the associations between the outcomes and age, gender, race\/ethnicity, and family income.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among adolescents (aged 12\u201319 years) with asthma in 2005\u20132010, 17.3% reported TSP use. Among youth (aged 4\u201319 years) with asthma who did not use TSPs, 53.2% were exposed to ETS and 17.6% had in-home smoke exposure. Among low-income youth, 70.1% and 28.1% had exposure to ETS and in-home smoke, respectively. After controlling for sociodemographic factors, higher prevalence of exposure to ETS and in-home smoke persisted among low-income youth. Between 1988\u20131994 and 2005\u20132010, there was a decline in ETS and in-home smoke exposure (both P &amp;lt; .001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>ETS exposure among youth with asthma declined between 1988\u20131994 and 2005\u20132010, but a majority remained exposed in 2005\u20132010, with higher exposure among low-income youth. More than 1 in 6 youth with asthma in 2005\u20132010 were exposed to in-home smoke and a similar portion of adolescents used TSPs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-2328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,12]],"date-time":"2013-02-12T01:34:20Z","timestamp":1360632860000},"page":"407-414","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["US Prevalence and Trends in Tobacco Smoke Exposure Among Children and Adolescents With Asthma"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Brian K.","family":"Kit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, and"},{"name":"US Public Health Service, Rockville, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan E.","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Analysis and Epidemiology, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debra J.","family":"Brody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lara J.","family":"Akinbami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Public Health Service, Rockville, Maryland"},{"name":"Office of Analysis and Epidemiology, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2021120900315553300_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-1869","article-title":"Changes in environmental tobacco smoke exposure and asthma morbidity among urban school children.","volume":"135","author":"Gerald","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"23","key":"2021120900315553300_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199306103282303","article-title":"Association between exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and exacerbations of asthma in children.","volume":"328","author":"Chilmonczyk","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120900315553300_B3","first-page":"567","article-title":"The impact of passive smoking on emergency room visits of urban children with asthma.","volume":"135","author":"Evans","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120900315553300_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.80.3.253","article-title":"Effect of environmental tobacco smoke on peak flow variability.","volume":"80","author":"Fielder","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120900315553300_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2121","article-title":"Technical report\u2014tobacco as a substance of abuse.","volume":"124","author":"Sims","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2021120900315553300_B6","first-page":"643","article-title":"Environmental tobacco smoke, indoor allergens, and childhood asthma.","volume":"108","author":"Gold","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120900315553300_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.122.2.409","article-title":"Involuntary smoking and asthma severity in children: data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.","volume":"122","author":"Mannino","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120900315553300_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2002.125832","article-title":"Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and nocturnal symptoms among inner-city children with asthma.","volume":"110","author":"Morkjaroenpong","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"1 pt 1","key":"2021120900315553300_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(93)90302-V","article-title":"The decrease in severity of asthma in children of parents who smoke since the parents have been exposing them to less cigarette smoke.","volume":"91","author":"Murray","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120900315553300_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.53.3.204","article-title":"Health effects of passive smoking. 6. 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