{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T23:04:14Z","timestamp":1785539054109,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Previous studies suggest that former late preterm infants are at increased risk for learning and behavioral problems compared with term infants. These studies have primarily used referred clinical samples of children followed only until early school age. Our objective was to determine the cumulative incidence of attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and learning disabilities (LD) in former late preterm versus term infants in a population-based birth cohort.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Subjects included all children born 1976 to 1982 in Rochester, MN who remained in the community after 5 years. This study focused on the comparison of subjects in 2 subgroups, late preterm (34 to &amp;lt;37 weeks) and term (37 to &amp;lt;42 weeks). School and medical records were available to identify individuals who met research criteria for ADHD and LD in reading, written language, and math. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the cumulative incidence of each condition by 19 years of age. Cox models were fit to evaluate the association between gestational age group and condition, after adjusting for maternal education and perinatal complications.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We found no statistically significant differences in the cumulative incidence of ADHD or LD between the late preterm (N = 256) versus term (N = 4419) groups: ADHD (cumulative incidence by age 19 years, 7.7% vs 7.2%; P = .84); reading LD (14.2% vs 13.1%; P = .57); written language LD (13.5% vs 15.7%; P = .36), and math LD (16.1% vs 15.5%; P = .89).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>These data from a population-based birth cohort indicate that former late preterm infants have similar rates of LD and ADHD as term infants.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-3588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,27]],"date-time":"2013-08-27T00:26:23Z","timestamp":1377563183000},"page":"e630-e636","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["ADHD and Learning Disabilities in Former Late Preterm Infants: A Population-Based Birth Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"Malinda N.","family":"Harris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert G.","family":"Voigt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Barbaresi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gretchen A.","family":"Voge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill M.","family":"Killian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy L.","family":"Weaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher E.","family":"Colby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William A.","family":"Carey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Slavica K.","family":"Katusic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"2021120902571693400_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.7.843","article-title":"The contribution of mild and moderate preterm birth to infant mortality.","volume":"284","author":"Kramer","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120902571693400_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2006.02.002","article-title":"Risk factors for neonatal morbidity and mortality among \u201chealthy,\u201d late preterm newborns.","volume":"30","author":"Shapiro-Mendoza","year":"2006","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120902571693400_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2006.02.003","article-title":"Early discharge among late preterm and term newborns and risk of neonatal morbidity.","volume":"30","author":"Tomashek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120902571693400_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0706475","article-title":"Long-term medical and social consequences of preterm birth.","volume":"359","author":"Moster","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120902571693400_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-1279","article-title":"Preterm birth and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in schoolchildren.","volume":"127","author":"Lindstr\u00f6m","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120902571693400_B6","first-page":"453","article-title":"Psychiatric disorders in extremely preterm children: longitudinal finding at age 11 years in the EPICure study.","volume":"49","author":"Johnson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120902571693400_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1080\/87565641.2011.540541","article-title":"Educational outcomes in extremely preterm children: neuropsychological correlates and predictors of attainment.","volume":"36","author":"Johnson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120902571693400_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e3282f88bb4","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants.","volume":"21","author":"Allen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120902571693400_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-3743","article-title":"Perinatal outcomes associated with preterm birth at 33 to 36 weeks\u2019 gestation: a population-based cohort study.","volume":"123","author":"Khashu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021120902571693400_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.03045.x","article-title":"Perinatal morbidity associated with late preterm deliveries compared with deliveries between 37 and 40 weeks of gestation.","volume":"118","author":"Cheng","year":"2011","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"2021120902571693400_B11"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120902571693400_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2869","article-title":"Late preterm infants: birth outcomes and health care utilization in the first year.","volume":"126","author":"Bird","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120902571693400_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2952","article-title":"\u201cLate-preterm\u201d infants: a population at risk.","volume":"120","author":"Engle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2021120902571693400_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.08.020","article-title":"Increased risk of adverse neurological development for late preterm infants.","author":"Petrini","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Ped"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120902571693400_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1405","article-title":"Early school-age outcomes of late preterm infants.","volume":"123","author":"Morse","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120902571693400_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F23","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.85.1.F23","article-title":"Educational and behavioural problems in babies of 32-35 weeks gestation.","volume":"85","author":"Huddy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120902571693400_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2010.83","article-title":"Long-term cognition, achievement, socioemotional, and behavioral development of healthy late-preterm infants.","volume":"164","author":"Gurka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120902571693400_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2010.02.002","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental outcome at 12 and 18 months in late preterm infants.","volume":"14","author":"Romeo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"key":"2021120902571693400_B19","article-title":"Longitudinal cognitive assessment in healthy late preterm infants.","author":"Romeo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120902571693400_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-1536","article-title":"Late-preterm birth and its association with cognitive and socioemotional outcomes at 6 years of age.","volume":"126","author":"Talge","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021120902571693400_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2012.04315.x","article-title":"Long-term cognitive outcomes of infants born moderately and late preterm.","volume":"54","author":"Odd","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120902571693400_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican1081-54","article-title":"The patient record in epidemiology.","volume":"245","author":"Kurland","year":"1981","journal-title":"Sci Am"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021120902571693400_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.4065\/73.11.1053","article-title":"Potential influence of migration bias in birth cohort studies.","volume":"73","author":"Katusic","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120902571693400_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2011.11.009","article-title":"Generalizability of epidemiological findings and public health decisions: an illustration from the Rochester Epidemiology Project.","volume":"87","author":"St Sauver","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021120902571693400_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq482","article-title":"Use of a medical records linkage system to enumerate a dynamic population over time: the Rochester epidemiology project.","volume":"173","author":"St Sauver","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021120902571693400_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.4065\/76.11.1081","article-title":"Incidence of reading disability in a population-based birth cohort, 1976-1982, Rochester, Minn.","volume":"76","author":"Katusic","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120902571693400_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1367\/A04-209R.1","article-title":"Math learning disorder: incidence in a population-based birth cohort, 1976-82, Rochester, Minn.","volume":"5","author":"Barbaresi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ambul Pediatr"},{"key":"2021120902571693400_B28"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120902571693400_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2098","article-title":"The forgotten learning disability: epidemiology of written-language disorder in a population-based birth cohort (1976-1982), Rochester, Minnesota.","volume":"123","author":"Katusic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120902571693400_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2004.12.004","article-title":"Case definition in epidemiologic studies of AD\/HD.","volume":"15","author":"Katusic","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120902571693400_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.156.3.217","article-title":"How common is attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder? Incidence in a population-based birth cohort in Rochester, Minn.","volume":"156","author":"Barbaresi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021120902571693400_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/154.9.787","article-title":"Boy\/girl differences in risk for reading disability: potential clues?","volume":"154","author":"St Sauver","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021120902571693400_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)62594-9","article-title":"Early life risk factors for attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: a population-based cohort study.","volume":"79","author":"St Sauver","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120902571693400_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.6.728","article-title":"Cognitive and behavioral outcomes of school-aged children who were born preterm: a meta-analysis.","volume":"288","author":"Bhutta","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120902571693400_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2816","article-title":"Meta-analysis of neurobehavioral outcomes in very preterm and\/or very low birth weight children.","volume":"124","author":"Aarnoudse-Moens","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120902571693400_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0b013e31819e6a16","article-title":"Behavioral outcomes of extremely low birth weight children at age 8 years.","volume":"30","author":"Hack","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Dev Behav Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120902571693400_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.2307\/2531021","article-title":"Sample-size formula for the proportional-hazards regression model.","volume":"39","author":"Schoenfeld","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021120902571693400_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2009.10.002","article-title":"Visuospatial and verbal fluency relative deficits in \u2018complicated\u2019 late-preterm preschool children.","volume":"85","author":"Baron","year":"2009","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120902571693400_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.4065\/71.3.266","article-title":"History of the Rochester Epidemiology Project.","volume":"71","author":"Melton","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120902571693400_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949302600501","article-title":"Learning disabilities in the United States: advocacy, science, and the future of the field.","volume":"26","author":"Moats","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Learn Disabil"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120902571693400_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949302600502","article-title":"A brief look at the learning disabilities movement in the United States.","volume":"26","author":"Hammill","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Learn Disabil"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120902571693400_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027347","article-title":"Validity of DSM-IV attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder symptom dimensions and subtypes.","volume":"121","author":"Willcutt","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/132\/3\/e630\/1090553\/peds_2012-3588.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/132\/3\/e630\/1090553\/peds_2012-3588.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T16:18:21Z","timestamp":1639066701000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/132\/3\/e630\/31583\/ADHD-and-Learning-Disabilities-in-Former-Late"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2012-3588","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]]}}}