{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T17:37:08Z","timestamp":1791135428815,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are pollutants generated by combustion of fossil fuel and other organic material. Both prenatal PAH exposure and maternal psychological distress during pregnancy have each been associated with neurodevelopmental problems in children. The goal was to evaluate potential interactions between prenatal exposure to airborne PAHs and maternal psychological distress during pregnancy on subsequent behavioral problems in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a longitudinal birth cohort study, 248 children of nonsmoking white women in the coal-burning region of Krakow, Poland, were followed from in utero until age 9. Prenatal PAH exposure was measured by personal air monitoring during pregnancy, maternal demoralization during pregnancy by the Psychiatric Epidemiology Research Instrument\u2013Demoralization, and child behavior by the Child Behavior Checklist.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significant interactions between maternal demoralization and PAH exposure (high versus low) were identified for symptoms of anxious\/depressed, withdrawn\/depressed, social problems, aggressive behavior, internalizing problems, and externalizing problems. The effects of demoralization on syndromes of anxious\/depressed, withdrawn\/depressed, rule-breaking, aggressive behavior, and the composite internalizing and externalizing scores were seen only in conjunction with high PAH exposure. Fewer significant effects with weaker effect sizes were observed in the low-PAH-exposure group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Maternal demoralization during pregnancy appears to have a greater effect on child neurobehavioral development among children who experienced high prenatal PAH exposure. The results provide the first evidence of an interaction between prenatal exposure to maternal demoralization and air pollution on child neurobehavioral development, indicating the need for a multifaceted approach to the prevention of developmental problems in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-3844","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,7]],"date-time":"2013-10-07T21:10:17Z","timestamp":1381180217000},"page":"e1284-e1294","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Prenatal Exposure to Air Pollution, Maternal Psychological Distress, and Child Behavior"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"Frederica P.","family":"Perera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health,"},{"name":"Columbia Center for Children\u2019s Environmental Health, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia Center for Children\u2019s Environmental Health, and"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Rauh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia Center for Children\u2019s Environmental Health, and"},{"name":"Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Stigter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia Center for Children\u2019s Environmental Health, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Camann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wieslaw","family":"Jedrychowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elzbieta","family":"Mroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata","family":"Majewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2021120903031054200_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2011.0153","article-title":"Understanding the cumulative impacts of inequalities in environmental health: implications for policy.","volume":"30","author":"Morello-Frosch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"key":"2021120903031054200_B2","first-page":"573","article-title":"Critical windows of exposure for children\u2019s health: cancer in human epidemiological studies and neoplasms in experimental animal models.","volume":"108","author":"Anderson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021120903031054200_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6833","article-title":"Biomarkers in maternal and newborn blood indicate heightened fetal susceptibility to procarcinogenic DNA damage.","volume":"112","author":"Perera","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"9553","key":"2021120903031054200_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69665-7","article-title":"Developmental neurotoxicity of industrial chemicals.","volume":"368","author":"Grandjean","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"245","key":"2021120903031054200_B5","first-page":"pt7","article-title":"Fetal programming of brain development: intrauterine stress and susceptibility to psychopathology.","volume":"5","author":"Buss","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci Signal"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120903031054200_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1159\/000327017","article-title":"Exposure to prenatal psychobiological stress exerts programming influences on the mother and her fetus.","volume":"95","author":"Sandman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120903031054200_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-3526","article-title":"A cross-national comparison of racial and ethnic disparities in low birth weight in the United States and England.","volume":"120","author":"Teitler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021120903031054200_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.158.7.643","article-title":"Risk markers for poor developmental attainment in young children: results from a longitudinal national survey.","volume":"158","author":"To","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021120903031054200_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/154.8.711","article-title":"Stability and change in children\u2019s intelligence quotient scores: a comparison of two socioeconomically disparate communities.","volume":"154","author":"Breslau","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021120903031054200_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2010.06.010","article-title":"Effect of birth weight, maternal education and prenatal smoking on offspring intelligence at school age.","volume":"86","author":"Rahu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021120903031054200_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.111","article-title":"A meta-analysis of depression during pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and intrauterine growth restriction.","volume":"67","author":"Grote","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120903031054200_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3180cac25d","article-title":"Maternal prenatal pregnancy-related anxiety and spontaneous preterm birth in Baltimore, Maryland.","volume":"69","author":"Orr","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120903031054200_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-006-9054-7","article-title":"Does maternal prenatal stress adversely affect the child\u2019s learning and memory at age six?","volume":"34","author":"Gutteling","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021120903031054200_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e31817eec80","article-title":"Project Ice Storm: prenatal maternal stress affects cognitive and linguistic functioning in 5 1\/2-year-old children.","volume":"47","author":"Laplante","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120903031054200_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579497001259","article-title":"Relationship of prenatal cocaine exposure and maternal postpartum psychological distress to child developmental outcome.","volume":"9","author":"Singer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120903031054200_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(82)90085-2","article-title":"Subjective incompetence, the clinical hallmark of demoralization.","volume":"23","author":"de Figueiredo","year":"1982","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120903031054200_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-010-0183-1","article-title":"Cortisol levels in pregnancy as a psychobiological predictor for birth weight.","volume":"14","author":"Bolten","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Women Ment Health"},{"key":"2021120903031054200_B18","first-page":"451","article-title":"Cancer risk assessment, indicators, and guidelines for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the ambient air.","volume":"110","author":"Bostr\u00f6m","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120903031054200_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1080\/089583700402897","article-title":"Modulation in the developmental expression profile of Sp1 subsequent to transplacental exposure of fetal rats to desorbed benzo[a]pyrene following maternal inhalation.","volume":"12","author":"Hood","year":"2000","journal-title":"Inhal Toxicol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120903031054200_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2007.05.005","article-title":"Down-regulation of early ionotrophic glutamate receptor subunit developmental expression as a mechanism for observed plasticity deficits following gestational exposure to benzo(a)pyrene.","volume":"28","author":"Brown","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120903031054200_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1157","article-title":"Benzo(a)pyrene-induced acute neurotoxicity in the F-344 rat: role of oxidative stress.","volume":"26","author":"Saunders","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Appl Toxicol"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2021120903031054200_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(01)00467-2","article-title":"Modulation of neurotoxic behavior in F-344 rats by temporal disposition of benzo(a)pyrene.","volume":"129","author":"Saunders","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120903031054200_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1080\/10915810305114","article-title":"Fluoranthene-induced neurobehavioral toxicity in F-344 rats.","volume":"22","author":"Saunders","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Toxicol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120903031054200_B24","first-page":"33","article-title":"Endocrine-disrupting activity of chemicals in diesel exhaust and diesel exhaust particles.","volume":"11","author":"Takeda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120903031054200_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.09.085","article-title":"Effect of prenatal exposure to diesel exhaust on dopaminergic system in mice.","volume":"449","author":"Yokota","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120903031054200_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2004.01.016","article-title":"Environmental contaminant-mixture effects on CNS development, plasticity, and behavior.","volume":"197","author":"Wormley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120903031054200_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-3506","article-title":"Prenatal airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure and child IQ at age 5 years.","volume":"124","author":"Perera","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021120903031054200_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0901070","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and children\u2019s intelligence at 5 years of age in a prospective cohort study in Poland.","volume":"118","author":"Edwards","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120903031054200_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1104315","article-title":"Prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure and child behavior at age 6-7 years.","volume":"120","author":"Perera","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120903031054200_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500003","article-title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposures of children in low-income families.","volume":"9","author":"Chuang","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120903031054200_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1159\/000118077","article-title":"Neuropsychological effects of lead in children: interactions with social background variables.","volume":"11","author":"Winneke","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120903031054200_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/0892-0362(91)90012-L","article-title":"Lead exposure and the cognitive development of urban preschool children: the Cincinnati Lead Study cohort at age 4 years.","volume":"13","author":"Dietrich","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol Teratol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120903031054200_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2004.01.002","article-title":"Developmental effects of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and material hardship among inner-city children.","volume":"26","author":"Rauh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol Teratol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120903031054200_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0b013e3283292629","article-title":"Moving towards making social toxins mainstream in children\u2019s environmental health.","volume":"21","author":"Wright","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"issue":"14","key":"2021120903031054200_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7065","article-title":"Estimated risk for altered fetal growth resulting from exposure to fine particles during pregnancy: an epidemiologic prospective cohort study in Poland.","volume":"112","author":"Jedrychowski","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2021120903031054200_B36"},{"issue":"20","key":"2021120903031054200_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7964","DOI":"10.1021\/es8032082","article-title":"Quantifying the impact of residential heating on the urban air quality in a typical European coal combustion region.","volume":"43","author":"Junninen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"issue":"16","key":"2021120903031054200_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5744","DOI":"10.1021\/ac0606094","article-title":"Measurement of urinary monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using automated liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography\/isotope dilution high-resolution mass spectrometry.","volume":"78","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021120903031054200_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8982","article-title":"International studies of prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and fetal growth.","volume":"114","author":"Choi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021120903031054200_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.10972","article-title":"Estimating individual-level exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons throughout the gestational period based on personal, indoor, and outdoor monitoring.","volume":"116","author":"Choi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120903031054200_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.2307\/2136536","article-title":"Exemplification of a method for scaling life events: the Peri Life Events Scale.","volume":"19","author":"Dohrenwend","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021120903031054200_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1980.01780240027003","article-title":"Nonspecific psychological distress and other dimensions of psychopathology: measures for use in the general population.","volume":"37","author":"Dohrenwend","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"2021120903031054200_B43"},{"key":"2021120903031054200_B44","volume-title":"Manual for the ASEBA Preschool Forms & Profiles","author":"Achenbach","year":"2001"},{"key":"2021120903031054200_B45"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120903031054200_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-0362(00)00116-1","article-title":"Contribution of maternal smoking during pregnancy and lead exposure to early child behavior problems.","volume":"23","author":"Wasserman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol Teratol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120903031054200_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1006\/enrs.2000.4082","article-title":"Association between methylmercury exposure from fish consumption and child development at five and a half years of age in the Seychelles Child Development Study: an evaluation of nonlinear relationships.","volume":"84","author":"Axtell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021120903031054200_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2008.01955.x","article-title":"Pre- and postnatal influences on preschool mental health: a large-scale cohort study.","volume":"49","author":"Robinson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2021120903031054200_B49","first-page":"221","volume-title":"Educational Measurement","author":"Petersen","year":"1993"},{"key":"2021120903031054200_B50","journal-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV-TR"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120903031054200_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.10958","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and risk of intrauterine growth restriction.","volume":"116","author":"Choi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2021120903031054200_B52","first-page":"325","article-title":"Parental correlates of child\u2019s IQ and height: a cross-validation of the Berkeley growth study results.","volume":"30","author":"Kagan","year":"1959","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120903031054200_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-200510000-00006","article-title":"Reading development and impairment: behavioral, social, and neurobiological factors.","volume":"26","author":"Noble","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Dev Behav Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120903031054200_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35464","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035464","article-title":"Fetal window of vulnerability to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on proportional intrauterine growth restriction.","volume":"7","author":"Choi","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120903031054200_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.2478\/v10001-007-0035-z","article-title":"Personal exposure to fine particles and benzo[a]pyrene: relation with indoor and outdoor concentrations of these pollutants in Krak\u00f3w.","volume":"20","author":"Jedrychowski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Occup Med Environ Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120903031054200_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(99)00011-X","article-title":"Genotoxicity and embryotoxicity of urban air particulate matter collected during winter and summer period in two different districts of the Czech Republic.","volume":"440","author":"Binkov\u00e1","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"2021120903031054200_B57"},{"key":"2021120903031054200_B58"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120903031054200_B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.5955","article-title":"Predictors of personal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposures among pregnant minority women in New York City.","volume":"112","author":"Tonne","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2021120903031054200_B60"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021120903031054200_B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3480","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0507526103","article-title":"Maternal care effects on the hippocampal transcriptome and anxiety-mediated behaviors in the offspring that are reversible in adulthood.","volume":"103","author":"Weaver","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120903031054200_B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1159\/000216539","article-title":"Prenatal stress and neurodevelopment of the child: focus on the HPA axis and role of the placenta.","volume":"31","author":"O\u2019Donnell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120903031054200_B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/S0890-6238(02)00058-8","article-title":"Alteration of pregnancy related hormones and fetal survival in F-344 rats exposed by inhalation to benzo(a)pyrene.","volume":"16","author":"Archibong","year":"2002","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"2021120903031054200_B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(86)90009-0","article-title":"A comparative study of the reproductive effects of methadone and benzo[a]pyrene in the pregnant and pseudopregnant rat.","volume":"42","author":"Bui","year":"1986","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021120903031054200_B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.001081159","article-title":"The impact of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and fine particles on pregnancy outcome.","volume":"108","author":"Dejmek","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"18","key":"2021120903031054200_B66","first-page":"4861","article-title":"Ah receptor in human placenta: stabilization by molybdate and characterization of binding of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 3-methylcholanthrene, and benzo(a)pyrene.","volume":"47","author":"Manchester","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"24","key":"2021120903031054200_B67","first-page":"5991","article-title":"Ataxia-telangiectasia and cellular responses to DNA damage.","volume":"55","author":"Meyn","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120903031054200_B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0695-181","article-title":"A teratologic suppressor role for p53 in benzo[a]pyrene-treated transgenic p53-deficient mice.","volume":"10","author":"Nicol","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021120903031054200_B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5851","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-08-05851.1995","article-title":"The role of free radicals and p53 in neuron apoptosis in vivo.","volume":"15","author":"Wood","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120903031054200_B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(83)90514-7","article-title":"Inhibition of DNA methylation by chemical carcinogens in vitro.","volume":"32","author":"Wilson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"22","key":"2021120903031054200_B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2026","DOI":"10.1080\/10643389.2010.495644","article-title":"Developmental brain and behavior toxicity of air pollutants: a focus on the effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).","volume":"41","author":"Schroeder","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2021120903031054200_B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S131","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300270","article-title":"Critical biological pathways for chronic psychosocial stress and research opportunities to advance the consideration of stress in chemical risk assessment.","volume":"101","author":"McEwen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021120903031054200_B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8930","article-title":"The environmental \u201criskscape\u201d and social inequality: implications for explaining maternal and child health disparities.","volume":"114","author":"Morello-Frosch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120903031054200_B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0917(199612)5:4<251::AID-EDP137>3.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"Life at home: same time, different places\u2014an examination of the HOME inventory in different cultures.","volume":"5","author":"Bradley","year":"1996","journal-title":"Early Dev Parent"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120903031054200_B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8295.1976.tb01514.x","article-title":"Parent-offspring resemblances in intelligence: theories and evidence.","volume":"67","author":"McAskie","year":"1976","journal-title":"Br J Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120903031054200_B76","first-page":"293","article-title":"Comorbidity of anxiety and depression in youth: implications for treatment and prevention.","volume":"17","author":"Garber","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Psychol (New York)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120903031054200_B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852900008993","article-title":"Women\u2019s mental health during pregnancy influences fetal and infant developmental and health outcomes.","volume":"9","author":"Federenko","year":"2004","journal-title":"CNS Spectr"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/132\/5\/e1284\/1099109\/peds_2012-3844.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/132\/5\/e1284\/1099109\/peds_2012-3844.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T11:41:19Z","timestamp":1639050079000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/132\/5\/e1284\/31717\/Prenatal-Exposure-to-Air-Pollution-Maternal"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2012-3844","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]]}}}