{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T05:20:41Z","timestamp":1789363241683,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":171,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"Supplement_3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>INTRODUCTION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acne vulgaris is one of the most common skin conditions in children and adolescents. The presentation, differential diagnosis, and association of acne with systemic pathology differs by age of presentation. Current acknowledged guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pediatric acne are lacking, and there are variations in management across the spectrum of primary and specialty care. The American Acne and Rosacea Society convened a panel of pediatric dermatologists, pediatricians, and dermatologists with expertise in acne to develop recommendations for the management of pediatric acne and evidence-based treatment algorithms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ten major topic areas in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric acne were identified. A thorough literature search was performed and articles identified, reviewed, and assessed for evidence grading. Each topic area was assigned to 2 expert reviewers who developed and presented summaries and recommendations for critique and editing. Furthermore, the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy, including ratings for the strength of recommendation for a body of evidence, was used throughout for the consensus recommendations for the evaluation and management of pediatric acne. Practical evidence-based treatment algorithms also were developed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recommendations were put forth regarding the classification, diagnosis, evaluation, and management of pediatric acne, based on age and pubertal status. Treatment considerations include the use of over-the-counter products, topical benzoyl peroxide, topical retinoids, topical antibiotics, oral antibiotics, hormonal therapy, and isotretinoin. Simplified treatment algorithms and recommendations are presented in detail for adolescent, preadolescent, infantile, and neonatal acne. Other considerations, including psychosocial effects of acne, adherence to treatment regimens, and the role of diet and acne, also are discussed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These expert recommendations by the American Acne and Rosacea Society as reviewed and endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics constitute the first detailed, evidence-based clinical guidelines for the management of pediatric acne including issues of special concern when treating pediatric patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-0490b","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,2]],"date-time":"2013-05-02T01:08:37Z","timestamp":1367456917000},"page":"S163-S186","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":199,"title":["Evidence-Based Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Acne"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Lawrence F.","family":"Eichenfield","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Dermatology, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (Dermatology), University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew C.","family":"Krakowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Dermatology, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (Dermatology), University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Piggott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Dermatology, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (Dermatology), University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Del Rosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Dermatology, Valley Hospital Medical Center, Las Vegas, Nevada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilary","family":"Baldwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheila Fallon","family":"Friedlander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Dermatology, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (Dermatology), University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moise","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric\/Adolescent Dermatology, Dell Children's Medical Center, Austin, Texas, Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas and Departments of Pediatrics and Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Lucky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony J.","family":"Mancini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Division of Dermatology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth J.","family":"Orlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert C.","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pediatric Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Departments of Pediatrics and Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith K.","family":"Vaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatrics and Hospital Medicine, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California and Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Webster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea L.","family":"Zaenglein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine; and"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Children's Hospital, Hershey, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane M.","family":"Thiboutot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Children's Hospital, Hershey, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2021120900092779300_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1159\/000067817","article-title":"Epidemiology of acne.","volume":"206","author":"Dreno","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120900092779300_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sder.2010.04.002","article-title":"Acne epidemiology and pathophysiology.","volume":"29","author":"Friedlander","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Cutan Med Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120900092779300_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1994.01690030040006","article-title":"Acne vulgaris in premenarchal girls. An early sign of puberty associated with rising levels of dehydroepiandrosterone.","volume":"130","author":"Lucky","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120900092779300_B4","first-page":"548","article-title":"Strength of recommendation taxonomy (SORT): a patient-centered approach to grading evidence in the medical literature.","volume":"69","author":"Ebell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120900092779300_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sder.2010.04.005","article-title":"Perspectives on therapeutic options for acne: an update.","volume":"29","author":"Eichenfield","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Cutan Med Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021120900092779300_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922808315444","article-title":"Acne through the ages: case-based observations through childhood and adolescence.","volume":"47","author":"Tom","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120900092779300_B7","first-page":"589","article-title":"Pediatric acne: clinical presentations, evaluation, and management.","volume":"6","author":"Krakowski","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120900092779300_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2006.00076.x","article-title":"Childhood acne: evaluation and management.","volume":"19","author":"Cantatore-Francis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120900092779300_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.1997.tb00420.x","article-title":"Pathogenesis and treatment of acne in childhood.","volume":"14","author":"Jansen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"2021120900092779300_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.3109\/9781616310097.008.1","article-title":"Acne in children","volume-title":"Acne Vulgaris","author":"Piggott","year":"2011"},{"key":"2021120900092779300_B11","first-page":"2","article-title":"Prepubertal acne: clinical presentation, evaluation, and treatment.","volume":"2","author":"Marcoux","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Cutan Med Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120900092779300_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2001.04397.x","article-title":"A clinical and therapeutic study of 29 patients with infantile acne.","volume":"145","author":"Cunliffe","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120900092779300_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1159\/000067819","article-title":"Acne in infancy and acne genetics.","volume":"206","author":"Herane","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120900092779300_B14","first-page":"143","article-title":"A combined oral contraceptive containing 3-mg drospirenone\/ 20-microg ethinyl estradiol in the treatment of acne vulgaris: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluating lesion counts and participant self-assessment.","volume":"82","author":"Lucky","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"2021120900092779300_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2003.618","article-title":"Management of acne: a report from a Global Alliance to Improve Outcomes in Acne.","volume":"49","author":"Gollnick","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120900092779300_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2007.02190.x","article-title":"Control of microcomedone formation throughout a maintenance treatment with adapalene gel, 0.1%.","volume":"21","author":"Thielitz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120900092779300_B17","first-page":"181","article-title":"Patient\u2019s perspective: an important issue not to be overlooked in assessing acne severity.","volume":"18","author":"Demircay","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120900092779300_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2000.00907.x","article-title":"Anxiety, depression, and nature of acne vulgaris in adolescents.","volume":"39","author":"Aktan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120900092779300_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1999.02662.x","article-title":"The psychological and emotional impact of acne and the effect of treatment with isotretinoin.","volume":"140","author":"Kellett","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120900092779300_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1999.02768.x","article-title":"The quality of life in acne: a comparison with general medical conditions using generic questionnaires.","volume":"140","author":"Mallon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120900092779300_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2001.111340","article-title":"Beliefs and perceptions of patients with acne.","volume":"44","author":"Tan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120900092779300_B22","first-page":"556","article-title":"Treatment of mild and moderate acne vulgaris with salicylic acid in an alcohol-detergent vehicle.","volume":"28","author":"Shalita","year":"1981","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120900092779300_B23","first-page":"264","article-title":"Comparison of a salicylic acid cleanser and a benzoyl peroxide wash in the treatment of acne vulgaris.","volume":"11","author":"Shalita","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120900092779300_B24","first-page":"427","article-title":"The use of sulfur in dermatology.","volume":"3","author":"Gupta","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021120900092779300_B25","first-page":"26","article-title":"The use of sodium sulfacetamide 10%-sulfur 5% emollient foam in the treatment of acne vulgaris.","volume":"2","author":"Del Rosso","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120900092779300_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1993.tb01476.x","article-title":"Successful treatment of acne vulgaris in women with a new topical sodium sulfacetamide\/sulfur lotion.","volume":"32","author":"Breneman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120900092779300_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2710.1997.9975099.x","article-title":"Topical sodium sulfacetamide\/sulfur lotion.","volume":"22","author":"Tarimci","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120900092779300_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-0960.2001.00489.x","article-title":"Perceptions of acne vulgaris in final year medical student written examination answers.","volume":"42","author":"Green","year":"2001","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"key":"2021120900092779300_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2165\/0128071-200910001-00001","article-title":"Cleansing and moisturizing in acne patients.","volume":"10","author":"Goodman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"2021120900092779300_B30","first-page":"34","article-title":"The effect of a daily facial cleanser for normal to oily skin on the skin barrier of subjects with acne.","volume":"78","author":"Draelos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120900092779300_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2005.04.001","article-title":"Cosmetics in the treatment of acne vulgaris.","volume":"23","author":"Toombs","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120900092779300_B32","first-page":"284","article-title":"Make-up improves the quality of life of acne patients without aggravating acne eruptions during treatments.","volume":"15","author":"Hayashi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021120900092779300_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2006.00174.x","article-title":"Effects of skin care and makeup under instructions from dermatologists on the quality of life of female patients with acne vulgaris.","volume":"33","author":"Matsuoka","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"2021120900092779300_B34","first-page":"9767","year":"2010"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120900092779300_B35","first-page":"260","article-title":"Acne vulgaris: tricks and treatments. Part II: the benzoyl peroxide saga.","volume":"56","author":"Kligman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120900092779300_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1977.tb00769.x","article-title":"New uses for benzoyl peroxide: a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent.","volume":"16","author":"Kligman","year":"1977","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120900092779300_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1994.tb13101.x","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory actions of benzoyl peroxide: effects on the generation of reactive oxygen species by leucocytes and the activity of protein kinase C and calmodulin.","volume":"130","author":"Hegemann","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2021120900092779300_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2008.00667.x","article-title":"Practical considerations in acne treatment and the clinical impact of topical combination therapy.","volume":"25","author":"Krakowski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120900092779300_B39","first-page":"167","article-title":"Compared efficacy and safety of tretinoin 0.1% microsphere gel alone and in combination with benzoyl peroxide 6% cleanser for the treatment of acne vulgaris.","volume":"72","author":"Shalita","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021120900092779300_B40","first-page":"899","article-title":"Long-term safety and efficacy of a unique fixed-dose combination gel of adapalene 0.1% and benzoyl peroxide 2.5% for the treatment of acne vulgaris.","volume":"6","author":"Pariser","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120900092779300_B41","first-page":"417","article-title":"Antibiotic-resistant Propionibacterium acnes suppressed by a benzoyl peroxide cleanser 6%.","volume":"82","author":"Leyden","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"issue":"9452","key":"2021120900092779300_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2188","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17591-0","article-title":"Comparison of five antimicrobial regimens for treatment of mild to moderate inflammatory facial acne vulgaris in the community: randomised controlled trial.","volume":"364","author":"Ozolins","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021120900092779300_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.01.019","article-title":"New insights into the management of acne: an update from the Global Alliance to Improve Outcomes in Acne group.","volume":"60","author":"Thiboutot","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2021120900092779300_B44","article-title":"A systematic review of benzoyl peroxide for acne vulgaris [published online ahead of print July 25, 2012].","author":"Mohd Nor","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120900092779300_B45","first-page":"622","article-title":"Efficacy of benzoyl peroxide (5.3%) emollient foam and benzoyl peroxide (8%) wash in reducing Propionibacterium acnes on the back.","volume":"9","author":"Leyden","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"2021120900092779300_B46"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120900092779300_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2008.00688.x","article-title":"Adapalene gel 0.1% in the treatment of infantile acne: an open clinical study.","volume":"25","author":"Kose","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120900092779300_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-3447","article-title":"Study of the efficacy and tolerability of 0.04% tretinoin microsphere gel for preadolescent acne.","volume":"125","author":"Eichenfield","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120900092779300_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2012.01811.x","article-title":"Tretinoin microsphere gel 0.04% pump for treating acne vulgaris in preadolescents: a randomized, controlled study.","volume":"29","author":"Eichenfield","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"2021120900092779300_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S200","DOI":"10.1067\/S0190-9622(03)01154-X","article-title":"A review of the use of combination therapies for the treatment of acne vulgaris.","volume":"49","author":"Leyden","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2021120900092779300_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01964720","article-title":"The in vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of CD271: a new retinoid-like modulator of cell differentiation.","volume":"29","author":"Hensby","year":"1990","journal-title":"Agents Actions"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120900092779300_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0b013e3283425457","article-title":"Changing the topography of acne with topical medications.","volume":"23","author":"Imahiyerobo-Ip","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120900092779300_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2022","article-title":"Expert committee recommendations for acne management.","volume":"118","author":"Zaenglein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2021120900092779300_B54","first-page":"48","article-title":"Adapalene gel 0.1% for topical treatment of acne vulgaris in African patients.","volume":"68","author":"Jacyk","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"2021120900092779300_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1998.1390s2008.x","article-title":"Chemical stability of adapalene and tretinoin when combined with benzoyl peroxide in presence and in absence of visible light and ultraviolet radiation.","volume":"139","author":"Martin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120900092779300_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.138.4.481","article-title":"Successful treatment of acne vulgaris using a new method: results of a randomized vehicle-controlled trial of short-contact therapy with 0.1% tazarotene gel.","volume":"138","author":"Bershad","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"8854","key":"2021120900092779300_B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91004-6","article-title":"First trimester topical tretinoin and congenital disorders.","volume":"341","author":"Jick","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120900092779300_B58","first-page":"655","article-title":"The development of antimicrobial resistance due to the antibiotic treatment of acne vulgaris: a review.","volume":"9","author":"Patel","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021120900092779300_B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1984.01650460048018","article-title":"Neutrophil chemotaxis in patients with acne receiving oral tetracycline therapy.","volume":"120","author":"Esterly","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"2021120900092779300_B60","first-page":"9","article-title":"Clinical considerations in the treatment of acne vulgaris and other inflammatory skin disorders: focus on antibiotic resistance.","volume":"79","author":"Leyden","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"2021120900092779300_B61","first-page":"21","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of a new extended-release formulation of minocycline.","volume":"78","author":"Fleischer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"2021120900092779300_B62"},{"key":"2021120900092779300_B63"},{"key":"2021120900092779300_B64"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120900092779300_B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.08.048","article-title":"Guidelines of care for acne vulgaris management.","volume":"56","author":"Strauss","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120900092779300_B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1998.tb140250.x","article-title":"Systematic review of Propionibacterium acnes resistance to systemic antibiotics.","volume":"169","author":"Cooper","year":"1998","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120900092779300_B67","first-page":"40","article-title":"Oral antibiotic therapy for acne vulgaris: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic perspectives.","volume":"4","author":"Leyden","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"key":"2021120900092779300_B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.3109\/09546639609089553","article-title":"The antimicrobial effects in vivo of minocycline, doxycycline and tetracycline in humans.","volume":"7","author":"Leyden","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120900092779300_B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200304050-00002","article-title":"Antibacterial therapy for acne: a guide to selection and use of systemic agents.","volume":"4","author":"Tan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120900092779300_B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2008.07.006","article-title":"Optimizing use of oral antibiotics in acne vulgaris.","volume":"27","author":"Del Rosso","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021120900092779300_B71","first-page":"873","article-title":"Common and alternate oral antibiotic therapies for acne vulgaris: a review.","volume":"6","author":"Amin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120900092779300_B72","first-page":"430","article-title":"Oral trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of acne vulgaris.","volume":"79","author":"Bhambri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120900092779300_B73","first-page":"281","article-title":"Double blind cross-over studies on phototoxicity to three tetracycline derivatives in human volunteers.","volume":"4","author":"Bjellerup","year":"1987","journal-title":"Photodermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120900092779300_B74","first-page":"159","article-title":"Pill esophagitis.","volume":"14","author":"V\u00e3lean","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rom J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120900092779300_B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2050.2004.00384.x","article-title":"Doxycycline-induced pill esophagitis.","volume":"17","author":"Kadayifci","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120900092779300_B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.2165\/00044011-199510060-00002","article-title":"Enteric coating reduces upper gastrointestinal adverse reactions to doxycycline.","volume":"10","author":"J\u00e4rvinen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Drug Investig"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120900092779300_B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2007.01.011","article-title":"Recognition and management of severe cutaneous drug reactions.","volume":"25","author":"Knowles","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021120900092779300_B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1997.03890460044005","article-title":"Comparative safety of tetracycline, minocycline, and doxycycline.","volume":"133","author":"Shapiro","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120900092779300_B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2008.521","article-title":"Minocycline-induced drug hypersensitivity syndrome followed by multiple autoimmune sequelae.","volume":"145","author":"Brown","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120900092779300_B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.05.046","article-title":"Minocycline-induced drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome with persistent myocarditis.","volume":"62","author":"Shaughnessy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120900092779300_B81","first-page":"123","article-title":"Minocycline-induced skin pigmentation: an update.","volume":"17","author":"Geria","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Dermatovenerol Croat"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120900092779300_B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1985.01660050070017","article-title":"Hyperpigmentation of the skin associated with minocycline therapy.","volume":"121","author":"Gordon","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120900092779300_B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2003.11.006","article-title":"Oral mucosal pigmentation secondary to minocycline therapy: report of two cases and a review of the literature.","volume":"97","author":"Treister","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"2021120900092779300_B84","first-page":"6","article-title":"Key bioavailability features of a new extended-release formulation of minocycline hydrochloride tablets.","volume":"78","author":"Plott","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"2021120900092779300_B85","first-page":"7","article-title":"Systemic therapy for rosacea: focus on oral antibiotic therapy and safety.","volume":"66","author":"Del Rosso","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120900092779300_B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(02)00324-3","article-title":"Tetracyclines in dermatology.","volume":"21","author":"Tsankov","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120900092779300_B87","first-page":"153","article-title":"Clinical significance of brand versus generic formulations: focus on oral minocycline.","volume":"77","author":"Del Rosso","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120900092779300_B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200506010-00004","article-title":"Medication-induced intracranial hypertension in dermatology.","volume":"6","author":"Friedman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120900092779300_B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1159\/000017844","article-title":"Topical drug treatment in acne.","volume":"196","author":"Gollnick","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021120900092779300_B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.141.9.1132","article-title":"Antibiotic treatment of acne may be associated with upper respiratory tract infections.","volume":"141","author":"Margolis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120900092779300_B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200910040-00002","article-title":"Dapsone 5% gel: a review of its efficacy and safety in the treatment of acne vulgaris.","volume":"10","author":"Stotland","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"2021120900092779300_B92"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120900092779300_B93","first-page":"33","article-title":"Dapsone gel 5% in combination with adapalene gel 0.1%, benzoyl peroxide gel 4% or moisturizer for the treatment of acne vulgaris: a 12-week, randomized, double-blind study.","volume":"9","author":"Fleischer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120900092779300_B94","first-page":"171","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of dapsone gel 5% for the treatment of acne vulgaris in adolescents.","volume":"81","author":"Raimer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021120900092779300_B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2008.518","article-title":"Hematologic safety of dapsone gel, 5%, for topical treatment of acne vulgaris.","volume":"144","author":"Piette","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120900092779300_B96","first-page":"532","article-title":"Is topical dapsone safe in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient and sulfonamide-allergic patients?","volume":"9","author":"Webster","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120900092779300_B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.02.012","article-title":"American Academy of Dermatology Consensus Conference on the safe and optimal use of isotretinoin: summary and recommendations.","volume":"50","author":"Goldsmith","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2021120900092779300_B98"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120900092779300_B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01158.x","article-title":"Isotretinoin and inflammatory bowel disease.","volume":"102","author":"Rolanda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120900092779300_B100","first-page":"171","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis probably associated with isotretinoin.","volume":"25","author":"Bankar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120900092779300_B101","first-page":"52","article-title":"Isotretinoin-induced inflammatory bowel disease.","volume":"64","author":"Passier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neth J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021120900092779300_B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1016\/S0399-8320(05)82233-X","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis probably induced by isotretinoin [in French]","volume":"29","author":"Mennecier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120900092779300_B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.4321\/S1137-66272004000300009","article-title":"Isotretinoin and ulcerous colitis [in Spanish]","volume":"27","author":"Borobio","year":"2004","journal-title":"An Sist Sanit Navar"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120900092779300_B104","first-page":"433","article-title":"Granulomatous colitis likely induced by isotretinoin [in French]","volume":"25","author":"Melki","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin Biol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021120900092779300_B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.10368","article-title":"Isotretinoin-induced inflammatory bowel disease in an adolescent.","volume":"35","author":"Reniers","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120900092779300_B106","first-page":"113","article-title":"Probable acute hemorrhagic colitis caused by isotretinoin with a test of repeated administration [in French]","volume":"20","author":"Deplaix","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120900092779300_B107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1990.tb01483.x","article-title":"Treatment of severe acne with isotretinoin in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.","volume":"123","author":"Godfrey","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5 pt 1","key":"2021120900092779300_B108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(86)80535-7","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease and isotretinoin.","volume":"14","author":"Brodin","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120900092779300_B109","first-page":"484","article-title":"Adverse effects of isotretinoin therapy.","volume":"33","author":"Bruno","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120900092779300_B110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(87)90925-5","article-title":"Isotretinoin-associated proctosigmoiditis.","volume":"93","author":"Martin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021120900092779300_B111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e318033df5d","article-title":"Isotretinoin-associated pan-enteritis.","volume":"42","author":"Spada","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2021120900092779300_B112"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120900092779300_B113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1007\/s004310050631","article-title":"Generalized metaphyseal modification with cone-shaped epiphyses following long-term administration of 13-cis-retinoic acid.","volume":"156","author":"Nishimura","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021120900092779300_B114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2610","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.303","article-title":"Potential association between the oral tetracycline class of antimicrobials used to treat acne and inflammatory bowel disease.","volume":"105","author":"Margolis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120900092779300_B115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2008.03534.x","article-title":"Bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in patients receiving a single course of isotretinoin for nodulocystic acne.","volume":"47","author":"Tekin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120900092779300_B116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2010.59","article-title":"High-dose treatment with vitamin A analogues and risk of fractures.","volume":"146","author":"Vestergaard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021120900092779300_B117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1622.1999.01706.x","article-title":"Premature epiphyseal closure secondary to single-course vitamin A therapy.","volume":"69","author":"Steele","year":"1999","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120900092779300_B118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(82)70148-3","article-title":"Premature epiphyseal closure in a child receiving oral 13-cis-retinoic acid.","volume":"7","author":"Milstone","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2021120900092779300_B119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S113","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.46.Suppl_S113","article-title":"A case of growth failure caused by 13-CIS-retinoic acid administration after bone marrow transplantation for neuroblasoma.","volume":"46","author":"Inamo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"issue":"5 pt 1","key":"2021120900092779300_B120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(85)80411-4","article-title":"Oral isotretinoin and inflammatory bowel disease.","volume":"13","author":"Schleicher","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"1 pt 2","key":"2021120900092779300_B121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(88)70160-7","article-title":"Retinoids and acne.","volume":"19","author":"Leyden","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2021120900092779300_B122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3109\/09546638909086687","article-title":"The safety of isotretinoin in patients with acne and systemic diseases.","volume":"1","author":"Macdonald Hull","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120900092779300_B123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1992.tb00262.x","article-title":"Pyoderma faciale in a patient with Crohn\u2019s disease.","volume":"17","author":"McHenry","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120900092779300_B124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-199503000-00018","article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa in Crohn\u2019s disease. A further support to this association.","volume":"20","author":"Tsianos","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120900092779300_B125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1995.tb01387.x","article-title":"Pyoderma gangrenosum associated with acne conglobata.","volume":"20","author":"Velez","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120900092779300_B126","first-page":"107","article-title":"Treatment of pyoderma faciale with isotretinoin in a patient with ulcerative colitis.","volume":"64","author":"Rosen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021120900092779300_B127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1007\/s00105-005-1017-3","article-title":"Rosacea fulminans, pyostomatitis and pyovulvitis in Crohn\u2019s disease: dapsone as key factor in combination therapy [in German]","volume":"57","author":"Gatzka","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hautarzt"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021120900092779300_B128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01267.x","article-title":"Isotretinoin and inflammatory bowel disease.","volume":"102","author":"Guslandi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021120900092779300_B129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00632.x","article-title":"Possible association between isotretinoin and inflammatory bowel disease.","volume":"101","author":"Reddy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021120900092779300_B130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1986","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.124","article-title":"Isotretinoin use and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a case-control study.","volume":"105","author":"Crockett","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021120900092779300_B131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2774","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.417","article-title":"Isotretinoin is not associated with inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based case-control study.","volume":"104","author":"Bernstein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021120900092779300_B132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2387","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.334","article-title":"A causal association between isotretinoin and inflammatory bowel disease has yet to be established.","volume":"104","author":"Crockett","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120900092779300_B133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.5.983","article-title":"Functional brain imaging alterations in acne patients treated with isotretinoin.","volume":"162","author":"Bremner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120900092779300_B134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sder.2008.03.005","article-title":"Depression and suicidal behavior in acne patients treated with isotretinoin: a systematic review.","volume":"26","author":"Marqueling","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin Cutan Med Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120900092779300_B135","first-page":"e227","article-title":"No association found between patients receiving isotretinoin for acne and the development of depression in a Canadian prospective cohort.","volume":"14","author":"Cohen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120900092779300_B136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2009.03806.x","article-title":"Comparison of depression, anxiety and life quality in acne vulgaris patients who were treated with either isotretinoin or topical agents.","volume":"48","author":"Kaymak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120900092779300_B137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.10060.x","article-title":"A prospective trial of the effects of isotretinoin on quality of life and depressive symptoms.","volume":"163","author":"McGrath","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021120900092779300_B138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2009.03313.x","article-title":"Depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation during isotretinoin treatment: a 12-week follow-up study of male Finnish military conscripts.","volume":"23","author":"Rehn","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"2021120900092779300_B139"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021120900092779300_B140","first-page":"1395","article-title":"Treatment of 2,453 acne vulgaris patients aged 12-17 years with the fixed-dose adapalene-benzoyl peroxide combination topical gel: efficacy and safety.","volume":"9","author":"Eichenfield","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120900092779300_B141","first-page":"103","article-title":"Simplifying regimens promotes greater adherence and outcomes with topical acne medications: a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"86","author":"Yentzer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120900092779300_B142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980050173","article-title":"Evolution of lumbar bone mineral content during adolescence and adulthood: a longitudinal study in 395 healthy females 10-24 years of age and 206 premenopausal women.","volume":"9","author":"Sabatier","year":"1999","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120900092779300_B143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.10.070","article-title":"Bone mineral density in adolescent females using injectable or oral contraceptives: a 24-month prospective study.","volume":"90","author":"Cromer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120900092779300_B144","first-page":"776","article-title":"Lifestyle factors and the development of bone mass and bone strength in young women.","volume":"144","author":"Lloyd","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120900092779300_B145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1985.tb02305.x","article-title":"Oral spironolactone therapy for female patients with acne, hirsutism or androgenic alopecia.","volume":"112","author":"Burke","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120900092779300_B146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2000.105557","article-title":"Low-dose adjunctive spironolactone in the treatment of acne in women: a retrospective analysis of 85 consecutively treated patients.","volume":"43","author":"Shaw","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120900092779300_B147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1984.tb04045.x","article-title":"Oral spironolactone improves acne vulgaris and reduces sebum excretion.","volume":"111","author":"Goodfellow","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120900092779300_B148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1986.tb05722.x","article-title":"Oral spironolactone: an effective treatment for acne vulgaris in women.","volume":"115","author":"Muhlemann","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120900092779300_B149","first-page":"37","article-title":"Oral spironolactone in post-teenage female patients with acne vulgaris: practical considerations for the clinician based on current data and clinical experience.","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120900092779300_B150","first-page":"CD000194","article-title":"Spironolactone versus placebo or in combination with steroids for hirsutism and\/or acne.","author":"Brown","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2021120900092779300_B151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2007.03463.x","article-title":"Acne on pigmented skin.","volume":"46","author":"Poli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120900092779300_B152","first-page":"616","article-title":"Study results of benzoyl peroxide 5%\/clindamycin 1% topical gel, adapalene 0.1% gel, and use in combination for acne vulgaris.","volume":"6","author":"Del Rosso","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120900092779300_B153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2007.01.012","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory activity of tetracyclines.","volume":"25","author":"Webster","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120900092779300_B154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.10.004","article-title":"Tetracyclines: nonantibiotic properties and their clinical implications.","volume":"54","author":"Sapadin","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120900092779300_B155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.139.4.459","article-title":"Effects of subantimicrobial-dose doxycycline in the treatment of moderate acne.","volume":"139","author":"Skidmore","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120900092779300_B156","first-page":"18","article-title":"Beyond first-line treatment: management strategies for maintaining acne improvement and compliance.","volume":"82","author":"Yan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021120900092779300_B157","first-page":"766","article-title":"Medication choice and associated health care outcomes and costs for patients with acne and acne-related conditions in the United States.","volume":"10","author":"Patel","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120900092779300_B158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-9740.2003.02037.x","article-title":"How do you foster medication adherence for better acne vulgaris management?","volume":"2","author":"Koo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Skinmed"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120900092779300_B159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(85)90035-X","article-title":"Enhancing acne medication compliance: a comparison of strategies.","volume":"23","author":"Flanders","year":"1985","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120900092779300_B160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2006.00078.x","article-title":"Tricks for improving compliance with acne therapy.","volume":"19","author":"Baldwin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"2021120900092779300_B161","first-page":"17","article-title":"Improving compliance in acne treatment: benzoyl peroxide considerations.","volume":"82","author":"Draelos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120900092779300_B162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2010.264","article-title":"Suicidal ideation, mental health problems, and social impairment are increased in adolescents with acne: a population-based study.","volume":"131","author":"Halvorsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2021120900092779300_B163"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120900092779300_B164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.07.043","article-title":"Diet and acne.","volume":"63","author":"Bowe","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120900092779300_B165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.08.007","article-title":"High school dietary dairy intake and teenage acne.","volume":"52","author":"Adebamowo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120900092779300_B166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5070\/D377B9S0Z8","article-title":"Milk consumption and acne in adolescent girls.","volume":"12","author":"Adebamowo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dermatol Online J"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120900092779300_B167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.08.049","article-title":"Milk consumption and acne in teenaged boys.","volume":"58","author":"Adebamowo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021120900092779300_B168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.138.12.1584","article-title":"Acne vulgaris: a disease of Western civilization.","volume":"138","author":"Cordain","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120900092779300_B169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046","article-title":"The effect of a high-protein, low glycemic-load diet versus a conventional, high glycemic-load diet on biochemical parameters associated with acne vulgaris: a randomized, investigator-masked, controlled trial.","volume":"57","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120900092779300_B170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.11.005","article-title":"The effect of a low glycemic load diet on acne vulgaris and the fatty acid composition of skin surface triglycerides.","volume":"50","author":"Smith","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120900092779300_B171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/86.1.107","article-title":"A low-glycemic-load diet improves symptoms in acne vulgaris patients: a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"86","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/131\/Supplement_3\/S163\/893746\/peds_2013-0490b.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/131\/Supplement_3\/S163\/893746\/peds_2013-0490b.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T00:40:16Z","timestamp":1639010416000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/131\/Supplement_3\/S163\/31260\/Evidence-Based-Recommendations-for-the-Diagnosis"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]]},"references-count":171,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Supplement_3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2013-0490b","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.718006919.793481650","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]]}}}