{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T11:29:48Z","timestamp":1783596588871,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fever in infants is a common clinical dilemma. The objective of this study was to present data from hospital systems across the northeast, southeast, mid-west, and western United States to identify the pathogens causing bacteremia in febrile infants admitted to general care units.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a retrospective review of positive blood culture results in febrile infants aged \u226490 days admitted to a general care unit across 6 hospital systems. Data were collected from January 1, 2006 through December 31, 2012 from emergency departments and general inpatient units. Cultures from ICUs, central lines, or infants who had complex comorbidities were excluded, as were repeat cultures positive for the same bacteria. Common contaminants were considered pathogens if they were treated as such.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 181 cases of bacteremia in 177 infants. The most common pathogen was Escherichia coli (42%), followed by group B Streptococcus (23%). Streptococcus pneumoniae was more likely in older infants (P = .01). Non-low-risk bacteremic infants were more likely to have E coli or group B Streptococcus than low-risk bacteremic infants. We identified no cases of Listeria monocytogenes. Variation between sites was minimal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is the largest and most geographically diverse study to date examining the epidemiology of bacteremia in infants. We suggest E coli is the most common cause of bacteremia in previously healthy febrile infants admitted to a general inpatient unit. We identified no cases of L monocytogenes and question whether empirical therapy remains necessary for this pathogen.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-1759","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,12]],"date-time":"2013-11-12T01:56:19Z","timestamp":1384221379000},"page":"990-996","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["Epidemiology of Bacteremia in Febrile Infants in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"Eric","family":"Biondi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rianna","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Children\u2019s Hospital of the King\u2019s Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Mischler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, Illinois;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Bendel-Stenzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Horstmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Aldag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, Illinois;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Gigliotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2021120823392926700_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.2.311","article-title":"Predictive model for serious bacterial infections among infants younger than 3 months of age.","volume":"108","author":"Bachur","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120823392926700_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-1546","article-title":"Changing epidemiology of bacteremia in infants aged 1 week to 3 months.","volume":"129","author":"Greenhow","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021120823392926700_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12448","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012448","article-title":"Changing epidemiology of serious bacterial infections in febrile infants without localizing signs.","volume":"5","author":"Watt","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021120823392926700_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.10.1203","article-title":"Management and outcomes of care of fever in early infancy.","volume":"291","author":"Pantell","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120823392926700_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.6.1662","article-title":"Serious bacterial infections in febrile infants 1 to 90 days old with and without viral infections.","volume":"113","author":"Byington","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120823392926700_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181c6dd14","article-title":"Blood culture and bacteremia predictors in infants less than three months of age with fever without source.","volume":"29","author":"G\u00f3mez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120823392926700_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1177\/000992280404300102","article-title":"Practice guidelines for the management of febrile infants less than 90 days of age at the ambulatory network of a large pediatric health care system in the United States: summary of new evidence.","volume":"43","author":"Kourtis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"key":"2021120823392926700_B8","unstructured":"Team FUS. 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