{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T01:50:00Z","timestamp":1789005000729,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Violence against children from school staff is anecdotally common in low- and middle-income countries, but data on prevalence and associations with mental health and educational outcomes are lacking.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We report data from a cross-sectional survey conducted in June and July 2012 in Luwero District, Uganda. Forty-two primary schools representing 80% of students in the district were randomly selected; 100% agreed to participate. The International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect Child Abuse Screening Tool\u2014Child Institutional; Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; and reading, spelling, and math tests were administered. We present descriptive statistics and logistic regression models, accounting for the complex sampling scheme used in the survey.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We surveyed 3706 students and 577 school staff members; 93.3% (SE 1.0%) of boys and 94.2% (SE 1.6%) of girls attending primary school reported lifetime experience of physical violence from a school staff member, and &amp;gt;50% reported experience in the past week. Past-week physical violence was associated with increased odds of poor mental health and, for girls, double the odds of poor educational performance (adjusted odds ratio = 1.78, 95% confidence interval = 1.19\u20132.66). For boys, significant interactions were present.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Despite a ban on corporal punishment in Ugandan schools since 1997, the use of violence against students is widespread and associated with poor mental health and educational performance. School violence may be an important but overlooked contributor to disease burden and poor educational performance in low- and middle-income settings.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-2007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,3]],"date-time":"2013-12-03T02:38:36Z","timestamp":1386038316000},"page":"e129-e137","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["School Violence, Mental Health, and Educational Performance in Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Karen M.","family":"Devries","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer C.","family":"Child","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Statistics, London, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eddy","family":"Walakira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Parkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Education, London, United Kingdom; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dipak","family":"Naker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Raising Voices, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2021120820011676700_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.6.837","article-title":"Causal relationship between stressful life events and the onset of major depression.","volume":"156","author":"Kendler","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120820011676700_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2011.05.006","article-title":"Violence against women is strongly associated with suicide attempts: evidence from the WHO multi-country study on women\u2019s health and domestic violence against women.","volume":"73","author":"Devries","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120820011676700_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1037\/0002-9432.75.4.575","article-title":"The relation between violence exposure and conduct problems among adolescents: a prospective study.","volume":"75","author":"McCabe","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Orthopsychiatry"},{"issue":"9657","key":"2021120820011676700_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61706-7","article-title":"Burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries.","volume":"373","author":"Gilbert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"24","key":"2021120820011676700_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3089","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.24.3089","article-title":"Childhood abuse, household dysfunction, and the risk of attempted suicide throughout the life span: findings from the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study.","volume":"286","author":"Dube","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2021120820011676700_B6","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2006"},{"key":"2021120820011676700_B7","volume-title":"Violence Against Children: The Voices of Ugandan Children and Adults","author":"Naker","year":"2006"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120820011676700_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1080\/13691058.2011.571290","article-title":"Gender and sexual vulnerability of young women in Africa: experiences of young girls in secondary schools in Uganda.","volume":"13","author":"Muhanguzi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cult Health Sex"},{"key":"2021120820011676700_B9"},{"key":"2021120820011676700_B10"},{"key":"2021120820011676700_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-14-232","article-title":"The Good Schools Toolkit to prevent violence against children in Ugandan primary schools: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial.","volume":"14","author":"Devries","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"2021120820011676700_B12","author":"Child","journal-title":"Children\u2019s Experiences of Child Protection in a Central District, Uganda."},{"key":"2021120820011676700_B13"},{"key":"2021120820011676700_B14","volume-title":"WHO Multi-Country Study on Womens Health and Domestic Violence Against Women","author":"Garcia-Moreno","year":"2005"},{"key":"2021120820011676700_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.177.6.534","article-title":"Using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to screen for child psychiatric disorders in a community sample.","volume":"177","author":"Goodman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2021120820011676700_B16"},{"key":"2021120820011676700_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-11-93","article-title":"Improving educational achievement and anaemia of school children: design of a cluster randomised trial of school-based malaria prevention and enhanced literacy instruction in Kenya.","volume":"11","author":"Brooker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"2021120820011676700_B18"},{"key":"2021120820011676700_B19","first-page":"3","article-title":"svy1: Some basic concepts for design-based analysis of complex survey data.","volume":"31","author":"Eltinge","year":"1996","journal-title":"Stata Tech Bull"},{"key":"2021120820011676700_B20","volume-title":"MEASURE DHS. Uganda DHS Survey 2011","year":"2012"},{"key":"2021120820011676700_B21","volume-title":"Violence Against Children in Tanzania: Findings From a National Survey, 2009. Summary Report on the Prevalence of Sexual, Physical and Emotional Violence, Context of Sexual Violence, and Health and Behavioural Consequences of Violence Experienced in Childhood","author":"Tanzania","year":"2011"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021120820011676700_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2007.03.022","article-title":"Exposure to childhood sexual and physical abuse and subsequent educational achievement outcomes.","volume":"31","author":"Boden","year":"2007","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120820011676700_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1891\/vivi.21.2.247","article-title":"Intimate partner violence: prevalence and risk factors for men in Cape Town, South Africa.","volume":"21","author":"Abrahams","year":"2006","journal-title":"Violence Vict"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021120820011676700_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.137","article-title":"Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and young adult intimate partner violence.","volume":"67","author":"Fang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/133\/1\/e129\/1101354\/peds_2013-2007.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/133\/1\/e129\/1101354\/peds_2013-2007.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T23:20:24Z","timestamp":1639005624000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/133\/1\/e129\/68347\/School-Violence-Mental-Health-and-Educational"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2013-2007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]]}}}