{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T07:30:49Z","timestamp":1761895849205,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Approximately 1 in 5 child passenger deaths in the United States involves an alcohol-impaired driver, most commonly the child\u2019s own driver. The objective of this study was to document recent trends and state-specific rates of these deaths.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A descriptive analysis of 2001\u20132010 Fatality Analysis Reporting System data for child passengers aged &amp;lt;15 years killed in alcohol-impaired driving crashes. Driver impairment was defined as a blood alcohol concentration of \u22650.08 g\/dL.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>During 2001\u20132010, 2344 children &amp;lt;15 years were killed in crashes involving at least 1 alcohol-impaired driver. Of these children, 1515 (65%) were riding with an impaired driver. Annual deaths among children riding with an alcohol-impaired driver decreased by 41% over the decade. Among the 37 states included in the state-level analysis, Texas (272) and California (135) had the most children killed while riding with an impaired driver and South Dakota (0.98) and New Mexico (0.86) had the highest annualized child passenger death rates (per 100\u2009000 children). Most (61%) child passengers of impaired drivers were unrestrained at the time of the crash. One-third of the impaired drivers did not have a valid driver\u2019s license.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Alcohol-impaired driving remains a substantial threat to the safety of child passengers in the United States, and typically involves children being driven by impaired drivers. This risk varies meaningfully among states. To make further progress, states and communities could consider increased use of effective interventions and efforts aimed specifically at protecting child passengers from impaired drivers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-2318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,6]],"date-time":"2014-05-06T01:36:25Z","timestamp":1399340185000},"page":"966-972","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Child Passenger Deaths Involving Alcohol-Impaired Drivers"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Kyran","family":"Quinlan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Community-based Primary Care, Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University and Erie Family Health Center, Chicago, Illinois; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruth A.","family":"Shults","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rose A.","family":"Rudd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121022225974000_B1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (WISQARS [Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System] Web site). Available at: http\/\/:www.cdc.gov\/injury\/wisqars\/index.html. Accessed January 27, 2013"},{"key":"2021121022225974000_B2","unstructured":"National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Traffic safety facts 2010\u2014children. Washington, DC: US Department of Transportation; July 2012. Publication No. DOT HS 811 641. http:\/\/www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov\/Pubs\/811641.PDF. Accessed January 27, 2013"},{"issue":"17","key":"2021121022225974000_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.17.2249","article-title":"Characteristics of child passenger deaths and injuries involving drinking drivers.","volume":"283","author":"Quinlan","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121022225974000_B4","first-page":"77","article-title":"Child passenger deaths involving drinking drivers\u2014United States, 1997-2002.","volume":"53","author":"Shults","year":"2004","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"17","key":"2021121022225974000_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.17.2245","article-title":"Alcohol and motor vehicle-related deaths of children as passengers, pedestrians, and bicyclists.","volume":"283","author":"Margolis","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2021121022225974000_B6","unstructured":"National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Traffic safety facts 2011. A compilation of motor vehicle crash data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System and the General Estimates 2012. Washington, DC: US Department of Transportation. Publication No. DOT HS 811 754. Available at: http:\/\/www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov\/Pubs\/811754AR.pdf. Accessed February 10, 2014"},{"key":"2021121022225974000_B7","unstructured":"National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Traffic safety facts 2010\u2014state alcohol-impaired driving estimates. Washington, DC: US Department of Transportation; April 2012. Publication No. DOT HS 811 612. Available at: http:\/\/www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov\/Pubs\/811612.PDF. Accessed November 4, 2013"},{"key":"2021121022225974000_B8","unstructured":"US Census Bureau Population Division. Intercensal estimates of the resident population by five-year age groups, sex, race and Hispanic origin for states and the United States: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2010 (ST-EST00-INT-ALLDATA, release date October 2012). Available at: www.census.gov\/popest\/data\/intercensal\/state\/state2010.html. Accessed December 3, 2013"},{"key":"2021121022225974000_B9"},{"key":"2021121022225974000_B10","unstructured":"National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Traffic safety facts 2001: children. Washington, DC: US Department of Transportation; no date. Publication No. DOT HS 809 471. Available at: http:\/\/www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov\/Pubs\/809471.PDF. Accessed February 10, 2014"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121022225974000_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(01)00381-6","article-title":"Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to reduce alcohol-impaired driving.","volume":"21","author":"Shults","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121022225974000_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2009.11.005","article-title":"The effectiveness of tax policy interventions for reducing excessive alcohol consumption and related harms.","volume":"38","author":"Elder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121022225974000_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2010.11.012","article-title":"Effectiveness of ignition interlocks for preventing alcohol-impaired driving and alcohol-related crashes: a Community Guide systematic review.","volume":"40","author":"Elder","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"2021121022225974000_B14","unstructured":"Mothers Against Drunk Driving. Status of state ignition interlock laws, December 2012. Available at: www.madd.org\/drunk-driving\/ignition-interlocks\/status-of-state-ignition.html. Accessed May 31, 2013"},{"key":"2021121022225974000_B15","unstructured":"Roth R. 2012 Survey of currently-installed interlocks in the U.S. Available at: www.rothinterlock.org\/2012surveyofcurrentlyinstalledinterlocksintheus.pdf. Accessed May 31, 2013"},{"key":"2021121022225974000_B16","unstructured":"Mothers Against Drunk Driving. Child endangerment, December 2012. Available at: www.madd.org\/laws\/law-overview\/DUI_Child_Endangerment_Overview.pdf. Accessed May 31, 2013"},{"key":"2021121022225974000_B17","unstructured":"Mothers Against Drunk Driving. Every child deserves a designated driver. Available at: www.madd.org\/victim-services\/finding-support\/victim-resources\/every-child-deserves-a.pdf. Accessed January 27, 2013"},{"key":"2021121022225974000_B18"},{"key":"2021121022225974000_B19","unstructured":"Brar SS. Estimation of fatal crash rates for suspended\/revoked and unlicensed drivers in California. Sacramento, CA: California Department of Motor Vehicles; September 2012. Report No. CAL DMV RSS 12 238. Available at: http:\/\/apps.dmv.ca.gov\/about\/profile\/rd\/r_d_report\/Section_6\/S6-238.pdf. Accessed February 25, 2012"},{"key":"2021121022225974000_B20","unstructured":"AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety. Unlicensed to kill: research update, November 2011. Available at: www.aaafoundation.org\/reports. Accessed January 27, 2013"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121022225974000_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(01)00025-2","article-title":"Vehicle action: effective policy for controlling drunk and other high-risk drivers?","volume":"34","author":"Voas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"key":"2021121022225974000_B22","unstructured":"Neuman T, Pfefer R, Slack KL, et al. Guidance for implementation of the AASHTO Strategic Highway Safety Plan, volume 02: a guide for addressing collisions involving unlicensed drivers and drivers with suspended or revoked licenses. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board; 2003. NCHRP Report No. 500. Available at: http:\/\/onlinepubs.trb.org\/onlinepubs\/nchrp\/nchrp_rpt_500v2.pdf. Accessed February 25, 2013"},{"key":"2021121022225974000_B23","unstructured":"Chase PA, Dexter RP, Wolejsza NF, et al. US Patent 7,209,808. Washington, DC: US Patent and Trademark Office; April 2007. Available at: http:\/\/patft.uspto.gov\/netacgi\/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PTXT&s1=7209808.PN.&OS=PN\/7209808&RS=PN\/7209808. Accessed December 16, 2013"},{"key":"2021121022225974000_B24","unstructured":"Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. Safety belt and child restraint laws: January 2013. Available at: www.iihs.org\/laws\/SafetyBeltUse.aspx. Accessed January 27, 2013"},{"key":"2021121022225974000_B25"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/133\/6\/966\/921941\/peds_2013-2318.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/133\/6\/966\/921941\/peds_2013-2318.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,11]],"date-time":"2021-12-11T07:38:10Z","timestamp":1639208290000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/133\/6\/966\/76042\/Child-Passenger-Deaths-Involving-Alcohol-Impaired"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2013-2318","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0031-4005"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1098-4275"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]]}}}