{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T21:01:10Z","timestamp":1784667670360,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nebulized beclomethasone in preventing the recurrence of viral wheezing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was designed as a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Outpatient children aged 1 to 5 years with at least 1 episode of viral wheezing in the last 12 months, presenting to any of 40 Italian pediatricians for an upper respiratory tract infection, were randomly allocated to receive beclomethasone 400 \u03bcg or placebo twice daily for 10 days. Medications were administered through a nebulizer. A clinical evaluation was performed by the pediatrician at the start and end of the treatment period. A subjective evaluation of symptoms and efficacy of treatment was performed by the parents. The primary endpoint was the incidence of viral wheezing diagnosed by the pediatricians during the 10-day treatment period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 525 children were enrolled in the study, 521 of whom were visited at the end of the treatment period. Wheezing was diagnosed by the pediatricians in 47 children (9.0% [95% confidence interval: 6.7 to 11.3]), with no statistically significant differences between treatment groups (beclomethasone versus placebo relative risk: 0.61 [95% confidence interval: 0.35 to 1.08]).The treatment was considered helpful by 63% of parents (64% in the beclomethasone group vs 61% in the placebo group). In all, 46% of children still had infection symptoms at the end of the treatment period, with no differences between groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings from this study confirm that inhaled steroids are not effective in preventing recurrence of viral wheezing. Moreover, no benefits were found in reducing symptoms of respiratory tract infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-2404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,17]],"date-time":"2014-02-17T21:01:59Z","timestamp":1392670919000},"page":"e505-e512","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Effectiveness of Nebulized Beclomethasone in Preventing Viral Wheezing: An RCT"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Antonio","family":"Clavenna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Mother and Child Health, Department of Public Health, IRCCS\u2013Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche \u201cMario Negri,\u201d Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Sequi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Mother and Child Health, Department of Public Health, IRCCS\u2013Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche \u201cMario Negri,\u201d Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Cartabia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Mother and Child Health, Department of Public Health, IRCCS\u2013Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche \u201cMario Negri,\u201d Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filomena","family":"Fortinguerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Mother and Child Health, Department of Public Health, IRCCS\u2013Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche \u201cMario Negri,\u201d Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Borghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Mother and Child Health, Department of Public Health, IRCCS\u2013Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche \u201cMario Negri,\u201d Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Bonati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Mother and Child Health, Department of Public Health, IRCCS\u2013Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche \u201cMario Negri,\u201d Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2021120903534205400_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20644","article-title":"Prevalence of asthma-like symptoms in young children.","volume":"42","author":"Bisgaard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120903534205400_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-011-1663-7","article-title":"Severe episodic viral wheeze in preschool children: high risk of asthma at age 5-10\u00a0years.","volume":"171","author":"Kappelle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120903534205400_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199501193320301","article-title":"Asthma and wheezing in the first six years of life.","volume":"332","author":"Martinez","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120903534205400_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00002108","article-title":"Definition, assessment and treatment of wheezing disorders in preschool children: an evidence-based approach.","volume":"32","author":"Brand","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2021120903534205400_B5","first-page":"84","article-title":"Wheezing nei primi anni di vita. 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