{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:32:04Z","timestamp":1787243524433,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evaluate safety and efficacy of filtered-sunlight phototherapy (FS-PT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Term\/late preterm infants \u226414 days old with clinically significant jaundice, assessed by total bilirubin (TB) levels, were recruited from a maternity hospital in Lagos, Nigeria. Sunlight was filtered with commercial window-tinting films that remove most UV and significant levels of infrared light and transmit effective levels of therapeutic blue light. After placing infants under an FS-PT canopy, hourly measurements of axillary temperatures, monitoring for sunburn, dehydration, and irradiances of filtered sunlight were performed. Treatment was deemed safe and efficacious if infants were able to stay in FS-PT for \u22655 hours and rate of rise of TB was &amp;lt;0.2 mg\/dL\/h for infants \u226472 hours of age or TB decreased for infants &amp;gt;72 hours of age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 227 infants received 258 days of FS-PT. No infant developed sunburn or dehydration. On 85 (33%) of 258 treatment days, infants were removed briefly from FS-PT due to minor temperature-related adverse events. No infant met study exit criteria. FS-PT was efficacious in 92% (181\/197) of evaluable treatment days. Mean \u00b1 SD TB change was \u20130.06 \u00b1 0.19 mg\/dL\/h. The mean \u00b1 SD (range) irradiance of FS-PT was 38 \u00b1 22 (2\u2013115) \u00b5W\/cm2\/nm, measured by the BiliBlanket Meter II.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With appropriate monitoring, filtered sunlight is a novel, practical, and inexpensive method of PT that potentially offers safe and efficacious treatment strategy for management of neonatal jaundice in tropical countries where conventional PT treatment is not available.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-3500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,26]],"date-time":"2014-05-26T21:34:37Z","timestamp":1401140077000},"page":"e1568-e1574","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Safety and Efficacy of Filtered Sunlight in Treatment of Jaundice in African Neonates"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Tina M.","family":"Slusher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota;"},{"name":"Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hendrik J.","family":"Vreman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bolajoko O.","family":"Olusanya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Healthy Start Initiative, Ikoyi, Lagos, Nigeria;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald J.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann M.","family":"Brearley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistical Design and Analysis Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne E.","family":"Vaucher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David K.","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9607","key":"2021121022225418400_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60106-3","article-title":"Clinical signs that predict severe illness in children under age 2 months: a multicentre study.","volume":"371","author":"Young Infants Clinical Signs Study Group","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021121022225418400_B2","first-page":"263","article-title":"Neonatal jaundice in low and middle income countries","volume-title":"Care of the Jaundiced Neonate","author":"Slusher","year":"2012"},{"issue":"9814","key":"2021121022225418400_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61577-8","article-title":"Long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes after intrauterine and neonatal insults: a systematic review.","volume":"379","author":"Mwaniki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021121022225418400_B4","first-page":"12024","article-title":"Socioclinical issues in cerebral palsy in Sagamu, Nigeria.","volume":"2","author":"Ogunlesi","year":"2008","journal-title":"SAJCH."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121022225418400_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1179\/146532809X440734","article-title":"Sensorineural hearing loss in infants with neonatal jaundice in Lagos: a community-based study.","volume":"29","author":"Olusanya","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Trop Paediatr"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121022225418400_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-011-0382-4","article-title":"Irradiance readings of phototherapy equipment: Nigeria.","volume":"78","author":"Owa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121022225418400_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmt027","article-title":"Phototherapy device effectiveness in Nigeria: irradiance assessment and potential for improvement.","volume":"59","author":"Cline","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"issue":"7030","key":"2021121022225418400_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(58)91849-X","article-title":"Influence of light on the hyperbilirubinaemia of infants.","volume":"1","author":"Cremer","year":"1958","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121022225418400_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.1999.00362.x","article-title":"Why do mothers still sun their infants?","volume":"35","author":"Harrison","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121022225418400_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0781.2001.170605.x","article-title":"Can sunlight replace phototherapy units in the treatment of neonatal jaundice? 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