{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T06:46:34Z","timestamp":1791960394994,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute corneal hydrops is a rare complication of advanced corneal ectasia. This case report describes the clinical course of a child with severe atopy and no previous ocular examination who developed bilateral, acute corneal hydrops, secondary to keratoconus, by 8 years of age. The report demonstrates the rapidity of progression in the pediatric phenotype of the disease. This case also provides an important clinical lesson in highlighting the necessity for children with atopy to be referred for comprehensive ophthalmic examination, even in the apparent absence of visual symptoms, to ensure the timely diagnosis and management of any atopy-associated ocular disease. Prompt referral is particularly essential for pediatric corneal ectasia, in which the rapidity of progression may preclude stabilizing treatments, such as corneal collagen cross-linking, and result in significant childhood visual impairment, as was the case for this child. This case demonstrates the potential for significant ocular involvement in atopic children and identifies scope to enhance current international clinical guidelines relating to the management of childhood atopy through the inclusion of ocular screening for associated disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-3750","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,15]],"date-time":"2014-07-15T02:14:47Z","timestamp":1405390487000},"page":"e596-e601","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The Necessity for Ocular Assessment in Atopic Children: Bilateral Corneal Hydrops in an 8 Year Old"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Laura E.","family":"Downie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2021120906513962900_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2005.tb06707.x","article-title":"Atopic disease in childhood.","volume":"182","author":"Gold","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021120906513962900_B2","first-page":"991","article-title":"Keratoconus and atopic diseases.","volume":"10","author":"Gasset","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120906513962900_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-195901000-00002","article-title":"A keratoscopic survey of 13,395 eyes.","volume":"36","author":"Hofstetter","year":"1959","journal-title":"Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120906513962900_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(86)90817-2","article-title":"A 48-year clinical and epidemiologic study of keratoconus.","volume":"101","author":"Kennedy","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120906513962900_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(97)00119-7","article-title":"Keratoconus.","volume":"42","author":"Rabinowitz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120906513962900_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.05.029","article-title":"Risk factors for progression to penetrating keratoplasty in patients with keratoconus.","volume":"140","author":"Reeves","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120906513962900_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)02055-X","article-title":"Preliminary findings in corneal allograft rejection in patients with keratoconus.","volume":"135","author":"Hargrave","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2021120906513962900_B8"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021120906513962900_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(94)31110-9","article-title":"Acute corneal hydrops in keratoconus.","volume":"101","author":"Tuft","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120906513962900_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12048","article-title":"The Auckland keratoconus study: identifying predictors of acute corneal hydrops in keratoconus.","volume":"96","author":"Fan Gaskin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021120906513962900_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2009.162735","article-title":"The genetics of central corneal thickness.","volume":"94","author":"Dimasi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120906513962900_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3129\/i10-072","article-title":"Keratoconus caused by eye rubbing in patients with Tourette syndrome.","volume":"46","author":"Mashor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120906513962900_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318198384f","article-title":"Mechanisms of rubbing-related corneal trauma in keratoconus.","volume":"28","author":"McMonnies","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120906513962900_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1080\/02713680490513182","article-title":"Increased resistance of crosslinked cornea against enzymatic digestion.","volume":"29","author":"Spoerl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120906513962900_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2008.11.036","article-title":"Biomechanical and histological changes after corneal crosslinking with and without epithelial debridement.","volume":"35","author":"Wollensak","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120906513962900_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000105827.85025.7f","article-title":"Collagen fiber diameter in the rabbit cornea after collagen crosslinking by riboflavin\/UVA.","volume":"23","author":"Wollensak","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120906513962900_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2010.02228.x","article-title":"Collagen cross-linking: a new treatment paradigm in corneal disease\u2014a review.","volume":"38","author":"Snibson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Experiment Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120906513962900_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2009.10.021","article-title":"Long-term results of riboflavin ultraviolet a corneal collagen cross-linking for keratoconus in Italy: the Siena eye cross study.","volume":"149","author":"Caporossi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120906513962900_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2007.12.039","article-title":"Collagen crosslinking with riboflavin and ultraviolet-A light in keratoconus: long-term results.","volume":"34","author":"Raiskup-Wolf","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120906513962900_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e31822159f6","article-title":"Riboflavin-UVA-induced corneal collagen cross-linking in pediatric patients.","volume":"31","author":"Caporossi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120906513962900_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1076\/0927-3948(200006)821-0FT101","article-title":"Clinical features and keratoplasty results in keratoconus complicated by acute hydrops.","volume":"8","author":"Akova","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120906513962900_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e31823d03e3","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus with resolved corneal hydrops.","volume":"31","author":"Basu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021120906513962900_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(94)31138-9","article-title":"Risk factors for corneal graft failure and rejection in the collaborative corneal transplantation studies.","volume":"101","author":"Maguire","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021120906513962900_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.01.039","article-title":"Corneal neovascularization as a risk factor for graft failure and rejection after keratoplasty: an evidence-based meta-analysis.","volume":"117","author":"Bachmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120906513962900_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200304000-00021","article-title":"Corneal lymphangiogenesis: evidence, mechanisms, and implications for corneal transplant immunology.","volume":"22","author":"Cursiefen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cornea"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/134\/2\/e596\/1104045\/peds_2013-3750.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/134\/2\/e596\/1104045\/peds_2013-3750.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T01:10:12Z","timestamp":1639098612000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/134\/2\/e596\/32970\/The-Necessity-for-Ocular-Assessment-in-Atopic"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2013-3750","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]]}}}