{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T23:45:53Z","timestamp":1793058353838,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The majority of newborns are exclusively breastfed during the birth hospitalization, and weight loss is nearly universal for these neonates. The amount of weight lost varies substantially among newborns with higher amounts of weight loss increasing risk for morbidity. No hour-by-hour newborn weight loss nomogram exists to assist in early identification of those on a trajectory for adverse outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For 161\u2009471 term, singleton neonates born at \u226536 weeks\u2019 gestation at Northern California Kaiser Permanente hospitals in 2009\u20132013, data were extracted from the birth hospitalization regarding delivery mode, race\/ethnicity, feeding type, and weights from electronic records. Quantile regression was used to create nomograms stratified by delivery mode that estimated percentiles of weight loss as a function of time among exclusively breastfed neonates. Weights measured subsequent to any nonbreastmilk feeding were excluded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among this sample, 108\u2009907 newborns had weights recorded while exclusively breastfeeding with 83\u2009433 delivered vaginally and 25\u2009474 delivered by cesarean. Differential weight loss by delivery mode was evident 6 hours after delivery and persisted over time. Almost 5% of vaginally delivered newborns and &amp;gt;10% of those delivered by cesarean had lost \u226510% of their birth weight 48 hours after delivery. By 72 hours, &amp;gt;25% of newborns delivered by cesarean had lost \u226510% of their birth weight.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These newborn weight loss nomograms demonstrate percentiles for weight loss by delivery mode for those who are exclusively breastfed. The nomograms can be used for early identification of neonates on a trajectory for greater weight loss and related morbidities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-1532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,2]],"date-time":"2014-12-02T00:34:30Z","timestamp":1417480470000},"page":"e16-e23","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":176,"title":["Early Weight Loss Nomograms for Exclusively Breastfed Newborns"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"Valerie J.","family":"Flaherman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics, and"},{"name":"Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric W.","family":"Schaefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Public Health Sciences, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael W.","family":"Kuzniewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics, and"},{"name":"Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherian X.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eileen M.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian M.","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Public Health Sciences, and"},{"name":"Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120907225884300_B1"},{"key":"2021120907225884300_B2","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services. 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