{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:35:45Z","timestamp":1787754945895,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The incidence of meningococcal disease is currently at historic lows in the United States; however, incidence remains highest among infants aged &amp;lt;1 year. With routine use of Haemophilus influenzae type b and pneumococcal vaccines in infants and children in the United States, Neisseria meningitidis remains an important cause of bacterial meningitis in young children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were collected from active, population- and laboratory-based surveillance for N meningitidis conducted through Active Bacterial Core surveillance during 2006 through 2012. Expanded data collection forms were completed for infant cases identified in the surveillance area during 2006 through 2010.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An estimated 113 cases of culture-confirmed meningococcal disease occurred annually among infants aged &amp;lt;1 year in the United States from 2006 through 2012, for an overall incidence of 2.74 per 100\u2009000 infants. Among these cases, an estimated 6 deaths occurred. Serogroup B was responsible for 64%, serogroup C for 12%, and serogroup Y for 16% of infant cases. Based on the expanded data collection forms, a high proportion of infant cases (36\/58, 62%) had a smoker in the household and the socioeconomic status of the census tracts where infant meningococcal cases resided was lower compared with the other Active Bacterial Core surveillance areas and the United States as a whole.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The burden of meningococcal disease remains highest in young infants and serogroup B predominates. Vaccines that provide long-term protection early in life have the potential to reduce the burden of meningococcal disease, especially if they provide protection against serogroup B meningococcal disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-2035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,12]],"date-time":"2015-01-12T22:26:31Z","timestamp":1421101591000},"page":"e305-e311","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Epidemiology of Infant Meningococcal Disease in the United States, 2006-2012"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"Jessica R.","family":"MacNeil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica M.","family":"Farley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine and the Atlanta Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee H.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Lynfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota Department of Health, St Paul, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megin","family":"Nichols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Mexico Department of Health, Santa Fe, New Mexico;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sue","family":"Petit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Connecticut Department of Public Health, Hartford, Connecticut;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur","family":"Reingold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Schaffner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Department of Human Services, Portland, Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy","family":"Pondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonard W.","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas A.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda C.","family":"Cohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120907032161000_B1"},{"key":"2021120907032161000_B2"},{"key":"2021120907032161000_B3","volume-title":"Emerging Infections Program Network, Neisseria meningitidis, 2012","author":"Report","year":"2013"},{"issue":"21","key":"2021120907032161000_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1005384","article-title":"Bacterial meningitis in the United States, 1998-2007.","volume":"364","author":"Thigpen","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"14","key":"2021120907032161000_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199710023371404","article-title":"Bacterial meningitis in the United States in 1995.","volume":"337","author":"Schuchat","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120907032161000_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0701.010114","article-title":"Active bacterial core surveillance of the emerging infections program network.","volume":"7","author":"Schuchat","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120907032161000_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.1.320-328.2004","article-title":"Use of real-time PCR to resolve slide agglutination discrepancies in serogroup identification of Neisseria meningitidis.","volume":"42","author":"Mothershed","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120907032161000_B8","first-page":"85","article-title":"A multivariate technique for multiply imputing missing values using a sequence of regression models.","volume":"27","author":"Raghunathan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Surv Methodol"},{"issue":"16","key":"2021120907032161000_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.16.1493","article-title":"Epidemic serogroup B meningococcal disease in Oregon: the evolving epidemiology of the ET-5 strain.","volume":"281","author":"Diermayer","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021120907032161000_B10","first-page":"121","article-title":"Serogroup B meningococcal disease\u2014Oregon, 1994.","volume":"44","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"1995","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021120907032161000_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19970415)16:7<791::AID-SIM500>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"Confidence intervals for directly standardized rates: a method based on the gamma distribution.","volume":"16","author":"Fay","year":"1997","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"2021120907032161000_B12"},{"issue":"8766","key":"2021120907032161000_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)91112-8","article-title":"Influenza A and meningococcal disease.","volume":"338","author":"Cartwright","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021120907032161000_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199710000-00015","article-title":"Tobacco smoke as a risk factor for meningococcal disease.","volume":"16","author":"Fischer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"18","key":"2021120907032161000_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2686","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1988.03410180094036","article-title":"Group A meningococcal carriage in travelers returning from Saudi Arabia.","volume":"260","author":"Moore","year":"1988","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120907032161000_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800057733","article-title":"Smoking, the environment and meningococcal disease: a case control study.","volume":"112","author":"Stanwell-Smith","year":"1994","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021120907032161000_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-123-12-199512150-00007","article-title":"Sporadic meningococcal disease in adults: results of a 5-year population-based study.","volume":"123","author":"Stephens","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120907032161000_B18","first-page":"139","article-title":"Risk factors for meningococcal disease: a case control study in south west England.","volume":"10","author":"Stuart","year":"1988","journal-title":"Community Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120907032161000_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.89.5.712","article-title":"Maternal cigarette smoking and invasive meningococcal disease: a cohort study among young children in metropolitan Atlanta, 1989-1996.","volume":"89","author":"Yusuf","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2021120907032161000_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-1062","article-title":"Second hand smoke exposure and the risk of invasive meningococcal disease in children: systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"12","author":"Murray","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021120907032161000_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70251-6","article-title":"Meningococcal carriage by age: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"10","author":"Christensen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021120907032161000_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.156.11.1094","article-title":"Smoking patterns of household members and visitors in homes with children in the United States.","volume":"156","author":"Schuster","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"2021120907032161000_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mathews TJ, Hamilton BE. Delayed childbearing: more women are having their first child later in life. NCHS Databrief. 2009. Available at: www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data\/databriefs\/db21.htm. Accessed May 14, 2013","DOI":"10.1037\/e665262010-001"},{"key":"2021120907032161000_B24"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120907032161000_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1894","DOI":"10.1086\/315158","article-title":"The changing epidemiology of meningococcal disease in the United States, 1992-1996.","volume":"180","author":"Rosenstein","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120907032161000_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.32.2.323-330.1994","article-title":"Asymptomatic carriage of Neisseria meningitidis in a randomly sampled population.","volume":"32","author":"Caugant","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120907032161000_B27","first-page":"52","article-title":"Infant meningococcal vaccination: Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendations and rationale.","volume":"62","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2013","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/135\/2\/e305\/1058394\/peds_2014-2035.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/135\/2\/e305\/1058394\/peds_2014-2035.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T20:25:07Z","timestamp":1639081507000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/135\/2\/e305\/33492\/Epidemiology-of-Infant-Meningococcal-Disease-in"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2014-2035","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.725312425.793527180","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]}}}