{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]],"date-time":"2026-01-04T02:51:01Z","timestamp":1767495061058,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Despite epidemic childhood obesity levels, we know little about how BMI changes from preadolescence to adolescence and what factors influence changes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We studied 3961 randomly selected public school students and 1 parent per student in 3 US metropolitan areas in fifth and again in tenth grades. In each grade, we measured child and parent height\/weight and calculated BMI category. We examined whether baseline sociodemographic characteristics, child health-related factors, and parental obesity were significantly associated with exit from and entry into obesity from fifth to tenth grade.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Fifth- and tenth-graders were 1%\/2% underweight, 53%\/60% normal weight, 19%\/18% overweight, and 26%\/20% obese, respectively. Among obese tenth-graders, 83% had been obese as fifth-graders and 13% had been overweight. Sixty-five percent of obese fifth-graders remained obese as tenth-graders, and 23% transitioned to overweight. Multivariately, obese fifth-graders who perceived themselves to be much heavier than ideal (P = .01) and those who had lower household education (P = .006) were less likely to exit obesity; by contrast, overweight fifth-graders were more likely to become obese if they had an obese parent (P &amp;lt; .001) or watched more television (P = .02).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Obese fifth-graders face challenges in reducing obesity, especially when they lack advantages associated with higher socioeconomic status or when they have a negative body image. Clinicians and others should educate parents on the importance of preventing obesity very early in development. Children who are not yet obese by fifth grade but who have an obese parent or who watch considerable television might benefit from monitoring, as might children who have negative body images.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-2195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,11]],"date-time":"2014-11-11T01:34:00Z","timestamp":1415669640000},"page":"1051-1058","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Changes in Obesity Between Fifth and Tenth Grades: A Longitudinal Study in Three Metropolitan Areas"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Schuster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;"},{"name":"RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc N.","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura M.","family":"Bogart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremy Y.","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan L.","family":"Wallander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, California; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Cuccaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan R.","family":"Tortolero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2021120906273480500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.732","article-title":"Prevalence of childhood and adult obesity in the United States, 2011-2012.","volume":"311","author":"Ogden","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120906273480500_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2014.21","article-title":"Prevalence and trends in obesity and severe obesity among children in the United States, 1999-2012.","volume":"168","author":"Skinner","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"20","key":"2021120906273480500_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp043052","article-title":"Clinical practice. Overweight children and adolescents.","volume":"352","author":"Dietz","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120906273480500_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2008.00475.x","article-title":"Tracking of childhood overweight into adulthood: a systematic review of the literature.","volume":"9","author":"Singh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"issue":"18","key":"2021120906273480500_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2042","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1635","article-title":"Association of adolescent obesity with risk of severe obesity in adulthood.","volume":"304","author":"The","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"13","key":"2021120906273480500_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199709253371301","article-title":"Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity.","volume":"337","author":"Whitaker","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120906273480500_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1309753","article-title":"Incidence of childhood obesity in the United States.","volume":"370","author":"Cunningham","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120906273480500_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2004.04.007","article-title":"Healthy passages. A multilevel, multimethod longitudinal study of adolescent health.","volume":"27","author":"Windle","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120906273480500_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.2.344","article-title":"Childhood body composition in relation to body mass index.","volume":"107","author":"Maynard","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2021120906273480500_B10","first-page":"649","article-title":"Adolescent Development","volume-title":"Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics","author":"Cromer","year":"2011","edition":"19th ed."},{"issue":"11","key":"2021120906273480500_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.93.11.1844","article-title":"The public health impact of socioeconomic status on adolescent depression and obesity.","volume":"93","author":"Goodman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120906273480500_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2008.137638","article-title":"Proximity of fast-food restaurants to schools and adolescent obesity.","volume":"99","author":"Davis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120906273480500_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.058362","article-title":"Sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain in children and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"98","author":"Malik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120906273480500_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2007.14","article-title":"Adolescent physical activities as predictors of young adult weight.","volume":"162","author":"Menschik","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"issue":"9430","key":"2021120906273480500_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16675-0","article-title":"Association between child and adolescent television viewing and adult health: a longitudinal birth cohort study.","volume":"364","author":"Hancox","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120906273480500_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsl008","article-title":"Body image and children\u2019s mental health related behaviors: results from the healthy passages study.","volume":"32","author":"Gilliland","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pediatr Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120906273480500_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E262","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20050","article-title":"Psychosocial predictors of 4-year BMI change in overweight and obese children in primary care.","volume":"21","author":"Incledon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021120906273480500_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1114353","article-title":"Racial and ethnic health disparities among fifth-graders in three cities.","volume":"367","author":"Schuster","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"volume-title":"Young People and Physical Activity","year":"1997","author":"Armstrong","key":"2021120906273480500_B19"},{"key":"2021120906273480500_B20"},{"volume-title":"NHANES III: Anthropometric Procedures","year":"1998","author":"National Institutes of Health","key":"2021120906273480500_B21"},{"issue":"246","key":"2021120906273480500_B22","first-page":"1","article-title":"2000 CDC Growth Charts for the United States: methods and development.","author":"Kuczmarski","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat 11"},{"key":"2021120906273480500_B23","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About BMI for Children and Teens. Healthy Weight 2011. Available at: www.cdc.gov\/healthyweight\/assessing\/bmi\/childrens_bmi\/about_childrens_bmi.html. Accessed August 20, 2014"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120906273480500_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/68.4.899","article-title":"Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: executive summary. Expert Panel on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight in Adults.","volume":"68","author":"Expert Panel on the Identification E","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120906273480500_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(199103)10:2<199::AID-EAT2260100209>3.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"Body figure perceptions and preferences among preadolescent children.","volume":"10","author":"Collins","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120906273480500_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a117473","article-title":"Reliability of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey Questionnaire.","volume":"141","author":"Brener","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120906273480500_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-139X(00)00128-2","article-title":"Media and youth: access, exposure, and privatization.","volume":"27","author":"Roberts","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120906273480500_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2007.128702","article-title":"Influences of physical and social neighborhood environments on children\u2019s physical activity and obesity.","volume":"99","author":"Franzini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120906273480500_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0058","article-title":"Inequality in the built environment underlies key health disparities in physical activity and obesity.","volume":"117","author":"Gordon-Larsen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120906273480500_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1353\/foc.2006.0007","article-title":"The role of schools in obesity prevention.","volume":"16","author":"Story","year":"2006","journal-title":"Future Child"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120906273480500_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssresearch.2005.08.002","article-title":"The design of a multilevel survey of children, families, and communities: The Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey.","volume":"35","author":"Sastry","year":"2006","journal-title":"Soc Sci Res"},{"key":"2021120906273480500_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118032619","volume-title":"Analysis of Health Surveys","author":"Korn","year":"1999"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120906273480500_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.1999.00652.x","article-title":"Predictive margins with survey data.","volume":"55","author":"Graubard","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120906273480500_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0904130","article-title":"Childhood obesity, other cardiovascular risk factors, and premature death.","volume":"362","author":"Franks","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2021120906273480500_B35"},{"issue":"23","key":"2021120906273480500_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2362","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa031049","article-title":"Obesity and the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents.","volume":"350","author":"Weiss","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021120906273480500_B37","first-page":"CD001871","article-title":"Interventions for preventing obesity in children.","author":"Waters","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120906273480500_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/16.5.521","article-title":"Association between socioeconomic status, weight, age and gender, and the body image and weight control practices of 6- to 19-year-old children and adolescents.","volume":"16","author":"O\u2019Dea","year":"2001","journal-title":"Health Educ Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120906273480500_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-1106","article-title":"Weight-based victimization: bullying experiences of weight loss treatment-seeking youth.","volume":"131","author":"Puhl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120906273480500_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-3253","article-title":"Did the ugly duckling have PTSD? Bullying, its effects, and the role of pediatricians.","volume":"131","author":"Schuster","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120906273480500_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj342","article-title":"Spouse resemblance in body mass index: effects on adult obesity prevalence in the offspring generation.","volume":"165","author":"Jacobson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2021120906273480500_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4377-0755-7.00011-7","article-title":"Middle Childhood","volume-title":"Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics","author":"Feigelman","year":"2011","edition":"19th ed."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120906273480500_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.159491","article-title":"Obesity stigma: important considerations for public health.","volume":"100","author":"Puhl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120906273480500_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2569","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0165","article-title":"Metabolic and body composition factors in subgroups of obesity: what do we know?","volume":"89","author":"Karelis","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/134\/6\/1051\/1094046\/peds_2014-2195.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/134\/6\/1051\/1094046\/peds_2014-2195.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T00:49:47Z","timestamp":1639097387000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/134\/6\/1051\/33201\/Changes-in-Obesity-Between-Fifth-and-Tenth-Grades"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2014-2195","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0031-4005"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1098-4275"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]]}}}