{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T11:58:26Z","timestamp":1791979106034,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prevalence rates of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and celiac disease (CD) vary from 1.6% to 16.4% worldwide. Screening guidelines are variable and not evidence based. Our aim was to conduct a systematic review of CD in T1D.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched. Studies were limited to those in English and in humans. We selected longitudinal cohort studies screening for CD in T1D with at least 5 years of follow-up. Screening rates, characteristics, and prevalence of biopsy-proven CD in people with T1D were extracted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 457 nonduplicate citations; 48 were selected for full-text review. Nine longitudinal cohort studies in 11\u2009157 children and adolescents with 587 cases of biopsy-proven CD met the inclusion criteria. Median follow-up was 10 years (range: 5\u201318 years). The weighted pooled prevalence of CD was 5.1% (95% confidence interval: 3.1\u20137.4%). After excluding 41 cases with CD onset before T1D, CD was diagnosed in 218 of 546 (40%) subjects within 1 year, in 55% within 2 years, and in 79% within 5 years of diabetes duration. Two studies (478 cases) reported higher rates of CD in children aged &amp;lt;5 years at T1D diagnosis. The duration of follow-up varied across the included studies. CD screening frequency progressively decreased with increased T1D duration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Because most cases of CD are diagnosed within 5 years of T1D diagnosis, screening should be considered at T1D diagnosis and within 2 and 5 years thereafter. CD screening should be considered at other times in patients with symptoms suggestive of CD. More research is required to determine the screening frequency beyond 5 years of diabetes duration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-2883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,15]],"date-time":"2015-06-15T20:42:25Z","timestamp":1434400945000},"page":"e170-e176","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":150,"title":["Screening for Celiac Disease in Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Pham-Short","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children\u2019s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia;"},{"name":"Discipline of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim C.","family":"Donaghue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children\u2019s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia;"},{"name":"Discipline of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Ambler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children\u2019s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia;"},{"name":"Discipline of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Phelan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Twigg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia;"},{"name":"Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria E.","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children\u2019s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia;"},{"name":"Discipline of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia;"},{"name":"School of Women\u2019s and Child\u2019s Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2021120821012498500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2007.06.004","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical features of celiac disease in 950 children with type 1 diabetes in France.","volume":"33","author":"Poulain","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes 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