{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T11:31:36Z","timestamp":1793014296554,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":155,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Child physical abuse is an important cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality and is associated with major physical and mental health problems that can extend into adulthood. Pediatricians are in a unique position to identify and prevent child abuse, and this clinical report provides guidance to the practitioner regarding indicators and evaluation of suspected physical abuse of children. The role of the physician may include identifying abused children with suspicious injuries who present for care, reporting suspected abuse to the child protection agency for investigation, supporting families who are affected by child abuse, coordinating with other professionals and community agencies to provide immediate and long-term treatment to victimized children, providing court testimony when necessary, providing preventive care and anticipatory guidance in the office, and advocating for policies and programs that support families and protect vulnerable children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-0356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,27]],"date-time":"2015-04-27T20:32:43Z","timestamp":1430166763000},"page":"e1337-e1354","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":439,"title":["The Evaluation of Suspected Child Physical Abuse"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"Cindy W.","family":"Christian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"COMMITTEE ON CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James E.","family":"Crawford-Jakubiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emalee G.","family":"Flaherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Leventhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James L.","family":"Lukefahr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert D.","family":"Sege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harriet","family":"MacMillan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine M.","family":"Nolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda Anne","family":"Valley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tammy Piazza","family":"Hurley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026050709500833000_B1","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Children\u2019s Bureau. Child maltreatment 2011. Available at: http:\/\/www.acf.hhs.gov\/programs\/cb\/research-data-technology\/statistics-research\/child-maltreatment. Accessed August 25, 2014"},{"key":"2026050709500833000_B2","unstructured":"Finkelhor D, Jones L. Have Sexual Abuse and Physical Abuse Declined Since the 1990s? Durham, NH: Crimes Against Children Research Center; 2012. Available at: http:\/\/www.unh.edu\/ccrc\/pdf\/CV267_Have%20SA%20%20PA%20Decline_FACT%20SHEET_11-7-12.pdf. Accessed August 25, 2014"},{"key":"2026050709500833000_B3","volume-title":"Fourth National Incidence Study of Child Abuse and Neglect (NIS\u20134): Report to Congress, Executive Summary","author":"Sedlak","year":"2010"},{"key":"2026050709500833000_B4"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026050709500833000_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-0922","article-title":"Incidence of serious injuries due to physical abuse in the United States: 1997 to 2009.","volume":"130","author":"Leventhal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026050709500833000_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-2185","article-title":"Abusive head trauma during a time of increased unemployment: a multicenter analysis.","volume":"128","author":"Berger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026050709500833000_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2010.11.008","article-title":"Childhood adversity and personality disorders: results from a nationally representative population-based study.","volume":"45","author":"Afifi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"2026050709500833000_B8","unstructured":"The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) Reauthorization Act of 2010, Public Law 111-320, (42 USC 5106a). Available at: www.acf.hhs.gov\/programs\/cb\/laws_policies\/cblaws\/capta\/capta2010.pdf. Accessed August 25, 2014"},{"key":"2026050709500833000_B9"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026050709500833000_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(02)00345-9","article-title":"The impact of culture upon child rearing practices and definitions of maltreatment.","volume":"26","author":"Ferrari","year":"2002","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026050709500833000_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2006.02.017","article-title":"Physicians\u2019 initial forensic impressions of hypothetical cases of pediatric traumatic brain injury.","volume":"31","author":"Laskey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"2026050709500833000_B12","volume-title":"The Effects of Childhood Stress on Health Across the Lifespan","author":"Middlebrooks","year":"2008"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026050709500833000_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001349","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001349","article-title":"The long-term health consequences of child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"9","author":"Norman","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"21","key":"2026050709500833000_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.754","article-title":"Neuroscience, molecular biology, and the childhood roots of health disparities: building a new framework for health promotion and disease prevention.","volume":"301","author":"Shonkoff","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9657","key":"2026050709500833000_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61706-7","article-title":"Burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries.","volume":"373","author":"Gilbert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026050709500833000_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.2.320","article-title":"The association between adverse childhood experiences and adolescent pregnancy, long-term psychosocial consequences, and fetal death.","volume":"113","author":"Hillis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026050709500833000_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.160.8.805","article-title":"Socially isolated children 20 years later: risk of cardiovascular disease.","volume":"160","author":"Caspi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"2026050709500833000_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-7-30","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and mental health in young adults: a longitudinal survey.","volume":"7","author":"Schilling","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026050709500833000_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.8.1453","article-title":"Relationship between multiple forms of childhood maltreatment and adult mental health in community respondents: results from the adverse childhood experiences study.","volume":"160","author":"Edwards","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026050709500833000_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2008.11.003","article-title":"Adverse childhood exposures and reported child health at age 12.","volume":"9","author":"Flaherty","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acad Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026050709500833000_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1177\/089826402237179","article-title":"Exposure to physical violence during childhood, aging, and health.","volume":"14","author":"Shaw","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Aging Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026050709500833000_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2007.01.003","article-title":"Long-term physical and mental health consequences of childhood physical abuse: results from a large population-based sample of men and women.","volume":"31","author":"Springer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026050709500833000_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.7.954","article-title":"Adolescent physical abuse: risk for adolescent psychiatric disorders.","volume":"155","author":"Kaplan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026050709500833000_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2452","article-title":"Child maltreatment in the United States: prevalence, risk factors, and adolescent health consequences.","volume":"118","author":"Hussey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026050709500833000_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2005.084988","article-title":"Outcome following subdural haemorrhages in infancy.","volume":"92","author":"Jayawant","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026050709500833000_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.4.808","article-title":"Neuroimaging of intraparenchymal lesions predicts outcome in shaken baby syndrome.","volume":"112","author":"Bonnier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026050709500833000_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-3111","article-title":"Mechanisms, clinical presentations, injuries, and outcomes from inflicted versus noninflicted head trauma during infancy: results of a prospective, multicentered, comparative study.","volume":"119","author":"Hymel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026050709500833000_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1177\/088626092007002009","article-title":"Characteristics of child victims of physical violence: research findings and clinical implications.","volume":"7","author":"Kolko","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Interpers Violence"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026050709500833000_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(94)90012-4","article-title":"Childhood victimization and long-term intellectual and academic outcomes.","volume":"18","author":"Perez","year":"1994","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026050709500833000_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2006.12.018","article-title":"Exposure to childhood sexual and physical abuse and adjustment in early adulthood.","volume":"32","author":"Fergusson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026050709500833000_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-0469","article-title":"The science of early life toxic stress for pediatric practice and advocacy.","volume":"131","author":"Johnson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026050709500833000_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2009.01399.x","article-title":"Building a new biodevelopmental framework to guide the future of early childhood policy.","volume":"81","author":"Shonkoff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026050709500833000_B33","article-title":"Early childhood adversity, toxic stress, and the role of the pediatrician: translating developmental science into lifelong health.","volume":"129","author":"Garner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026050709500833000_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-2087","article-title":"Clinical report\u2014the pediatrician\u2019s role in child maltreatment prevention.","volume":"126","author":"Flaherty","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026050709500833000_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1353\/foc.0.0029","article-title":"Epidemiological perspectives on maltreatment prevention.","volume":"19","author":"Wulczyn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Future Child"},{"issue":"13","key":"2026050709500833000_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.13.1603","article-title":"Racial differences in the evaluation of pediatric fractures for physical abuse.","volume":"288","author":"Lane","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026050709500833000_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.42","article-title":"Violence, crime, and abuse exposure in a national sample of children and youth: an update.","volume":"167","author":"Finkelhor","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"2026050709500833000_B38","unstructured":"Child Welfare Information Gateway. Child abuse and neglect fatalities 2012: statistics and interventions. Available at: https:\/\/www.childwelfare.gov\/pubs\/factsheets\/fatality.cfm. Accessed August 25, 2014"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026050709500833000_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2004.07.005","article-title":"Risk factors for infant maltreatment: a population-based study.","volume":"28","author":"Wu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026050709500833000_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(00)00190-3","article-title":"Maltreatment and disabilities: a population-based epidemiological study.","volume":"24","author":"Sullivan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026050709500833000_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0565","article-title":"Maltreatment of children with disabilities.","volume":"119","author":"Hibbard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026050709500833000_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0296","article-title":"Child deaths resulting from inflicted injuries: household risk factors and perpetrator characteristics.","volume":"116","author":"Schnitzer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026050709500833000_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559511411179","article-title":"Report of maltreatment as a risk factor for injury death: a prospective birth cohort study.","volume":"16","author":"Putnam-Hornstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Child Maltreat"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026050709500833000_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.5.528","article-title":"Child maltreatment in enlisted soldiers\u2019 families during combat-related deployments.","volume":"298","author":"Gibbs","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026050709500833000_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm008","article-title":"Effect of deployment on the occurrence of child maltreatment in military and nonmilitary families.","volume":"165","author":"Rentz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026050709500833000_B46"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026050709500833000_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-3425","article-title":"Essentials for childhood: promoting healthy outcomes from positive experiences.","volume":"133","author":"Sege","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026050709500833000_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(99)00063-0","article-title":"Stressed parents with infants: reassessing physical abuse risk factors.","volume":"23","author":"Cadzow","year":"1999","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026050709500833000_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.31.2.47","article-title":"Managing child abuse: general principles.","volume":"31","author":"Asnes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Rev"},{"key":"2026050709500833000_B50"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026050709500833000_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2002.31612","article-title":"Falling televisions: the hidden danger for children.","volume":"37","author":"Scheidler","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026050709500833000_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2011.01892.x","article-title":"Fatal acute intracranial injury, subdural hematoma, and retinal hemorrhages caused by stairway fall.","volume":"56","author":"Lantz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026050709500833000_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2281","article-title":"Annual risk of death resulting from short falls among young children: less than 1 in 1 million.","volume":"121","author":"Chadwick","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026050709500833000_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-2780","article-title":"Sentinel injuries in infants evaluated for child physical abuse.","volume":"131","author":"Sheets","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026050709500833000_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.7.621","article-title":"Analysis of missed cases of abusive head trauma.","volume":"281","author":"Jenny","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026050709500833000_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pec.0000208180.94166.dd","article-title":"Child abuse fatalities: are we missing opportunities for intervention?","volume":"22","author":"King","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026050709500833000_B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0b013e3181568039","article-title":"Frena tears and abusive head injury: a cautionary tale.","volume":"23","author":"Thackeray","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026050709500833000_B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922812441675","article-title":"Facial bruising as a precursor to abusive head trauma.","volume":"52","author":"Petska","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026050709500833000_B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0b013e3181c06217","article-title":"Bruising in infants: those with a bruise may be abused.","volume":"25","author":"Pierce","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026050709500833000_B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0b013e318191db15","article-title":"The bruised premobile infant: should you evaluate further?","volume":"25","author":"Feldman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026050709500833000_B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0b013e31818e9f5d","article-title":"Fatal abusive head trauma cases: consequence of medical staff missing milder forms of physical abuse.","volume":"24","author":"Oral","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026050709500833000_B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-3794","article-title":"Delayed identification of pediatric abuse-related fractures.","volume":"125","author":"Ravichandiran","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026050709500833000_B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2311","article-title":"From suspicion of physical child abuse to reporting: primary care clinician decision-making.","volume":"122","author":"Flaherty","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026050709500833000_B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2312","article-title":"Clinicians\u2019 description of factors influencing their reporting of suspected child abuse: report of the Child Abuse Reporting Experience Study Research Group.","volume":"122","author":"Jones","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026050709500833000_B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-0691","article-title":"Symptoms and time to medical care in children with accidental extremity fractures.","volume":"129","author":"Farrell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026050709500833000_B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(97)00054-9","article-title":"Restricting the time of injury in fatal inflicted head injuries.","volume":"21","author":"Willman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026050709500833000_B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2671","article-title":"Initial neurologic presentation in young children sustaining inflicted and unintentional fatal head injuries.","volume":"116","author":"Arbogast","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026050709500833000_B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.77.6.504","article-title":"Outcome after severe non-accidental head injury.","volume":"77","author":"Haviland","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026050709500833000_B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.158.5.454","article-title":"Analysis of perpetrator admissions to inflicted traumatic brain injury in children.","volume":"158","author":"Starling","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026050709500833000_B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2032","article-title":"Failure to thrive as a manifestation of child neglect.","volume":"116","author":"Block","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026050709500833000_B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2616","article-title":"Criminally prosecuted cases of child starvation.","volume":"116","author":"Kellogg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026050709500833000_B72","first-page":"86","article-title":"Guideline on oral and dental aspects of child abuse and neglect.","volume":"30","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect","year":"2008-2009-2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026050709500833000_B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2006.113001","article-title":"Diagnosing abuse: a systematic review of torn frenum and other intra-oral injuries.","volume":"92","author":"Maguire","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"2026050709500833000_B74","first-page":"227","article-title":"Conditions mistaken for child physical abuse","volume-title":"Child Abuse Medical Diagnosis and Management","author":"Hymel","year":"2009","edition":"3rd ed."},{"issue":"6 pt 1","key":"2026050709500833000_B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.6.1382","article-title":"Occult head injury in high-risk abused children.","volume":"111","author":"Rubin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026050709500833000_B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-3632","article-title":"Bruising characteristics discriminating physical child abuse from accidental trauma.","volume":"125","author":"Pierce","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026050709500833000_B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.044065","article-title":"Are there patterns of bruising in childhood which are diagnostic or suggestive of abuse? A systematic review.","volume":"90","author":"Maguire","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026050709500833000_B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.153.4.399","article-title":"Bruises in infants and toddlers: those who don\u2019t cruise rarely bruise.","volume":"153","author":"Sugar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026050709500833000_B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.80.4.363","article-title":"The prevalence and distribution of bruising in babies.","volume":"80","author":"Carpenter","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026050709500833000_B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.2.271","article-title":"Recent skin injuries in normal children.","volume":"108","author":"Labb\u00e9","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026050709500833000_B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.86.5.330","article-title":"A scoring system for bruise patterns: a tool for identifying abuse.","volume":"86","author":"Dunstan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026050709500833000_B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2013-304339","article-title":"Bruising in children who are assessed for suspected physical abuse.","volume":"99","author":"Kemp","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026050709500833000_B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-263X.2005.00661.x","article-title":"Injuries to the head, face, mouth and neck in physically abused children in a community setting.","volume":"15","author":"Cairns","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026050709500833000_B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.044073","article-title":"Can you age bruises accurately in children? A systematic review.","volume":"90","author":"Maguire","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026050709500833000_B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-0195","article-title":"Evaluation for bleeding disorders in suspected child abuse.","volume":"131","author":"Anderst","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026050709500833000_B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-0196","article-title":"Evaluating for suspected child abuse: conditions that predispose to bleeding.","volume":"131","author":"Carpenter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026050709500833000_B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2315","article-title":"Oral and dental aspects of child abuse and neglect.","volume":"116","author":"Kellogg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026050709500833000_B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198802000-00018","article-title":"Child abuse by burning\u2014an index of suspicion.","volume":"28","author":"Purdue","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026050709500833000_B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2008.02.011","article-title":"A systematic review of the features that indicate intentional scalds in children.","volume":"34","author":"Maguire","year":"2008","journal-title":"Burns"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026050709500833000_B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.1.178","article-title":"Laxative-induced dermatitis of the buttocks incorrectly suspected to be abusive burns.","volume":"107","author":"Leventhal","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026050709500833000_B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31815b4480","article-title":"Patient and injury characteristics, mortality risk, and length of stay related to child abuse by burning: evidence from a national sample of 15,802 pediatric admissions.","volume":"247","author":"Thombs","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026050709500833000_B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1959","article-title":"Incidence of fractures attributable to abuse in young hospitalized children: results from analysis of a United States database.","volume":"122","author":"Leventhal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026050709500833000_B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2005.08.001","article-title":"A retrospective case series of skeletal surveys in children with suspected non-accidental injury.","volume":"13","author":"Day","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Forensic Med"},{"key":"2026050709500833000_B94"},{"issue":"7166","key":"2026050709500833000_B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.317.7166.1117","article-title":"Importance of bruising associated with paediatric fractures: prospective observational study.","volume":"317","author":"Mathew","year":"1998","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026050709500833000_B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2467","article-title":"Skeletal surveys in infants with isolated skull fractures.","volume":"123","author":"Wood","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026050709500833000_B97","first-page":"11","article-title":"Childhood head injuries: accidental or inflicted?","volume":"154","author":"Reece","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"2026050709500833000_B98","unstructured":"American College of Radiology, Society for Pediatric Radiology. ACR-SPR practice guideline for skeletal surveys in children. Reston, VA: American College of Radiology; 2011. Available at: www.acr.org\/\u223c\/media\/ACR\/Documents\/PGTS\/guidelines\/Skeletal_Surveys.pdf. Accessed August 25, 2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026050709500833000_B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-0298","article-title":"Use of skeletal surveys to evaluate for physical abuse: analysis of 703 consecutive skeletal surveys.","volume":"127","author":"Duffy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"461","key":"2026050709500833000_B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1097\/BLO.0b013e31805c0849","article-title":"What factors affect the identification and reporting of child abuse-related fractures?","volume":"461","author":"Lane","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026050709500833000_B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.167.4.8819377","article-title":"Follow-up skeletal surveys in suspected child abuse.","volume":"167","author":"Kleinman","year":"1996","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026050709500833000_B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2004.08.012","article-title":"Utility of follow-up skeletal surveys in suspected child physical abuse evaluations.","volume":"29","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026050709500833000_B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2006.106120","article-title":"Unexplained fractures in infancy: looking for fragile bones.","volume":"92","author":"Bishop","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026050709500833000_B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-012-2536-6","article-title":"Rickets: part II.","volume":"43","author":"Shore","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026050709500833000_B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-1295","article-title":"Copper deficiency presenting as metabolic bone disease in extremely low birth weight, short-gut infants.","volume":"130","author":"Marquardt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026050709500833000_B106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1097\/01.gim.0000223557.54670.aa","article-title":"Genetic evaluation of suspected osteogenesis imperfect (OI).","volume":"8","author":"Byers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026050709500833000_B107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2007.07.022","article-title":"Childhood osteomyelitis presenting as a pathological fracture.","volume":"63","author":"Taylor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026050709500833000_B108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-3793","article-title":"Evaluating children with fractures for child physical abuse.","volume":"133","author":"Flaherty","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026050709500833000_B109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS14760J","article-title":"Homicidal commotio cordis in two children.","volume":"45","author":"Denton","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026050709500833000_B110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(02)00511-2","article-title":"Homicidal commotio cordis: the final blow in a battered infant.","volume":"27","author":"Baker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026050709500833000_B111","first-page":"759","article-title":"Severe blunt cardiac injury in an infant: a case of child abuse.","volume":"52","author":"Karpas","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026050709500833000_B112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS15344J","article-title":"Homicidal cardiac lacerations in children.","volume":"40","author":"Cohle","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026050709500833000_B113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(96)90054-8","article-title":"Child abuse as a cause of traumatic chylothorax.","volume":"31","author":"Guleserian","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026050709500833000_B114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2013.03.035","article-title":"The importance of surgeon involvement in the evaluation of non-accidental trauma patients.","volume":"48","author":"Larimer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026050709500833000_B115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.3.769","article-title":"Pulmonary edema associated with child abuse: case reports and review of the literature.","volume":"108","author":"Rubin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026050709500833000_B116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.4.e48","article-title":"Cause and clinical characteristics of rib fractures in infants.","volume":"105","author":"Bulloch","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026050709500833000_B117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-0462","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of rib fractures in ex-preterm infants.","volume":"130","author":"Lucas-Herald","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026050709500833000_B118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2007.067","article-title":"Clinical-radiological features of fractures in premature infants\u2014a review.","volume":"35","author":"Carroll","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026050709500833000_B119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2005.12.007","article-title":"Does cardiopulmonary resuscitation cause rib fractures in children? A systematic review.","volume":"30","author":"Maguire","year":"2006","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026050709500833000_B120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2010.12.024","article-title":"Increased incidence of CPR-related rib fractures in infants\u2014is it related to changes in CPR technique?","volume":"82","author":"Reyes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026050709500833000_B121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1097\/PAF.0b013e3181e792eb","article-title":"Two-handed cardiopulmonary resuscitation can cause rib fractures in infants.","volume":"31","author":"Matshes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"issue":"9481","key":"2026050709500833000_B122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66913-9","article-title":"Abdominal injury due to child abuse.","volume":"366","author":"Barnes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026050709500833000_B123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2011.09.010","article-title":"Epidemiology of abusive abdominal trauma hospitalizations in United States children.","volume":"36","author":"Lane","year":"2012","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026050709500833000_B124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000196437.07011.b1","article-title":"Distinguishing inflicted versus accidental abdominal injuries in young children.","volume":"59","author":"Wood","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026050709500833000_B125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2012.10.009","article-title":"A systematic review of abusive visceral injuries in childhood\u2014their range and recognition.","volume":"37","author":"Maguire","year":"2013","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026050709500833000_B126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198810000-00015","article-title":"Major blunt abdominal trauma due to child abuse.","volume":"28","author":"Cooper","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026050709500833000_B127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-1952","article-title":"Utility of hepatic transaminases in children with concern for abuse.","volume":"131","author":"Lindberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026050709500833000_B128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-0904","article-title":"Screening for occult abdominal trauma in children with suspected physical abuse.","volume":"124","author":"Lane","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026050709500833000_B129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.5.621","article-title":"A population-based study of inflicted traumatic brain injury in young children.","volume":"290","author":"Keenan","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026050709500833000_B130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.5858\/133.4.619","article-title":"Fatal head injury in children younger than 2 years in New York City and an overview of the shaken baby syndrome.","volume":"133","author":"Gill","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026050709500833000_B131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-0408","article-title":"Abusive head trauma in infants and children.","volume":"123","author":"Christian","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026050709500833000_B132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-3647","article-title":"Abusive head trauma: judicial admissions highlight violent and repetitive shaking.","volume":"126","author":"Adamsbaum","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026050709500833000_B133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2011-300630","article-title":"Neuroimaging: what neuroradiological features distinguish abusive from non-abusive head trauma? A systematic review.","volume":"96","author":"Kemp","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026050709500833000_B134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-1545","article-title":"Clinical and radiographic characteristics associated with abusive and nonabusive head trauma: a systematic review.","volume":"130","author":"Piteau","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026050709500833000_B135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.3.636","article-title":"The cause of infant and toddler subdural hemorrhage: a prospective study.","volume":"108","author":"Feldman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026050709500833000_B136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2009.03.005","article-title":"Odds of abuse associated with retinal hemorrhages in children suspected of child abuse.","volume":"13","author":"Binenbaum","year":"2009","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"2026050709500833000_B137"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026050709500833000_B138","first-page":"719","article-title":"Occult head trauma in young suspected victims of physical abuse.","volume":"144","author":"Laskey","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026050709500833000_B139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-0558","article-title":"Diagnostic imaging of child abuse.","volume":"123","author":"Section on Radiology","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026050709500833000_B140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2006.0087","article-title":"Hypoxic-ischemic injury complicates inflicted and accidental traumatic brain injury in young children: the role of diffusion-weighted imaging.","volume":"24","author":"Ichord","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026050709500833000_B141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-011-1611-6","article-title":"Abusive head trauma part II: radiological aspects.","volume":"171","author":"Sieswerda-Hoogendoorn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026050709500833000_B142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-1220","article-title":"Retinal hemorrhage in abusive head trauma.","volume":"126","author":"Levin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026050709500833000_B143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-009-1048-7","article-title":"Confessed abuse versus witnessed accidents in infants: comparison of clinical, radiological, and ophthalmological data in corroborated cases.","volume":"26","author":"Vinchon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026050709500833000_B144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2013.09.002","article-title":"Retinal hemorrhage and brain injury patterns on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in children with head trauma.","volume":"17","author":"Binenbaum","year":"2013","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026050709500833000_B145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-2772","article-title":"Prevalence of retinal hemorrhages in critically ill children.","volume":"129","author":"Agrawal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026050709500833000_B146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2012-302429","article-title":"Appearance and location of retinal haemorrhages in critically ill children.","volume":"97","author":"Adams","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026050709500833000_B147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)01628-8","article-title":"Correlation between retinal abnormalities and intracranial abnormalities in the shaken baby syndrome.","volume":"134","author":"Morad","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026050709500833000_B148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.01.063","article-title":"Dedicated retinal examination in children evaluated for physical abuse without radiographically identified traumatic brain injury.","volume":"163","author":"Greiner","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2026050709500833000_B149","first-page":"191","article-title":"Medical disorders that mimic abusive head trauma","volume-title":"Abusive Head Trauma in Infants and Children","author":"Sirotnak","year":"2006"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026050709500833000_B150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-0085","article-title":"Prevalence of abusive injuries in siblings and household contacts of physically abused children.","volume":"130","author":"Lindberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026050709500833000_B151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-1780","article-title":"When is lack of supervision neglect?","volume":"118","author":"Hymel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2026050709500833000_B152","unstructured":"Children\u2019s Hospital Association. Defining the children\u2019s hospital role in child maltreatment. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: Children\u2019s Hospital Association; 2011. Available at: www.childrenshospitals.net\/childabuseguidelines. Accessed August 25, 2014"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026050709500833000_B153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2009.05.001","article-title":"Is the diagnosis of physical abuse changed when Child Protective Services consults a Child Abuse Pediatrics subspecialty group as a second opinion?","volume":"33","author":"Anderst","year":"2009","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026050709500833000_B154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2864","article-title":"Policy statement\u2014Child abuse, confidentiality, and the health insurance portability and accountability act.","volume":"125","author":"Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026050709500833000_B155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-1132","article-title":"Policy statement\u2014Expert witness participation in civil and criminal proceedings.","volume":"124","author":"Committee on Medical Liability and Risk Management","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/135\/5\/e1337\/1932279\/peds_2015-0356.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/135\/5\/e1337\/1932279\/peds_2015-0356.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T13:50:35Z","timestamp":1778161835000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/135\/5\/e1337\/33747\/The-Evaluation-of-Suspected-Child-Physical-Abuse"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]]},"references-count":155,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2015-0356","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]]}}}