{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T06:45:20Z","timestamp":1790232320617,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a progressive inflammatory liver disease of unknown etiology, with limited population-based estimates of pediatric incidence. We reported the incidence of pediatric AIH in Canada and described its clinical characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients aged &amp;lt;18 years diagnosed with AIH between 2000\u20132009 at all pediatric centers in Canada.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 159 children with AIH (60.3% female, 13.2% type 2 AIH) were identified. Annual incidence was 0.23 per 100000 children. Median age at presentation for type 1 was 12 years (interquartile range: 11\u201314) versus 10 years for type 2 (interquartile range: 4.5\u201313) (P = .03). Fatigue (58%), jaundice (54%), and abdominal pain (49%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Serum albumin (33 vs 38 g\/L; P = .03) and platelet count (187\u2009000 vs 249\u2009000; P &amp;lt;.001) were significantly lower and the international normalized ratio (1.4 vs 1.2; P &amp;lt;.001) was higher in cirrhotic versus noncirrhotic patients. Initial treatment included corticosteroids (80%), azathioprine (32%), and\/or cyclosporine (13%). Response to treatment at 1 year was complete in 90%, and partial in 3%. 3% of patients had no response, and 3% responded and later relapsed. Nine patients underwent liver transplantation, and 4 patients died at a mean follow-up of 4 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AIH is uncommon in children and adolescents in Canada. Type 1 AIH was diagnosed 5.5 times more frequently than type 2 AIH. Most patients respond well to conventional therapy, diminishing the need for liver transplantation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-0578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,20]],"date-time":"2015-10-20T08:06:16Z","timestamp":1445328376000},"page":"e1237-e1248","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":115,"title":["Incidence and Characteristics of Autoimmune Hepatitis"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Carolina","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Rivera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ottawa and Children\u2019s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon C.","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Najma","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill University and Montreal Children\u2019s Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Yap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alberta and Stollery Children\u2019s Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Aglipay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ottawa and Children\u2019s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Barrowman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ottawa and Children\u2019s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, 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