{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:49:13Z","timestamp":1792176553671,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is usually treated with opiate derivatives and supported with nonpharmacological treatment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This prospective, randomized, controlled, blinded, single-center study was carried out between March 2009 and November 2014. Newborn infants diagnosed with NAS after maternal opioid substitution therapy were eligible for inclusion. Infants were randomly allocated to the acupuncture group (combining laser acupuncture and pharmacological therapy of morphine and phenobarbital) or control group (pharmacological therapy alone). Laser acupuncture was performed with a LABpen MED 10 (675 nm\/10 mW) at 5 ear and 4 body acupuncture points, bilaterally, and sessions were repeated every day. The primary outcome measure was duration of oral morphine therapy for NAS. Secondary outcomes included highest single Finnegan score, time to highest single Finnegan score, maximum amount of oral morphine solution (in milliliters per kilogram and milligrams per kilogram), time to maximum amount of oral morphine solution, and length of hospital stay.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Twenty-eight newborns (14 in each group) were eligible for analysis. Duration of oral morphine therapy was significantly reduced in the acupuncture group compared with the control group (28 vs 39 days, respectively, P = .019). In addition, we observed a significantly reduced length of hospital stay in the acupuncture group compared with the control group (35 days [interquartile range 25 to 47] vs 50 days [36 to 66], P = .048).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Adjunctive laser acupuncture significantly reduced the duration of morphine therapy in newborns with NAS.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-0676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,27]],"date-time":"2015-10-27T00:29:26Z","timestamp":1445905766000},"page":"876-884","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Laser Acupuncture for Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Raith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine,"},{"name":"Research Group for Paediatric Traditional Chinese Medicine, TCM Research Center Graz (Acupuncture Research),"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg M.","family":"Schm\u00f6lzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine,"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada;"},{"name":"Neonatal Research Unit, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and"},{"name":"Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Resch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fritz","family":"Reiterer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Avian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institutes for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Documentation, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Koestenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berndt","family":"Urlesberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine,"},{"name":"Research Group for Paediatric Traditional Chinese Medicine, TCM Research Center Graz (Acupuncture Research),"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2021120906113258900_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-3524","article-title":"Neonatal abstinence syndrome.","volume":"134","author":"Kocherlakota","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"22","key":"2021120906113258900_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2118","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1500439","article-title":"Increasing incidence of the neonatal abstinence syndrome in U.S. neonatal ICUs.","volume":"372","author":"Tolia","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120906113258900_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adnc.2005.06.003","article-title":"A retrospective study of length of hospital stay in infants treated for neonatal abstinence syndrome with methadone versus oral morphine preparations.","volume":"5","author":"Lainwala","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adv Neonatal Care"},{"key":"2021120906113258900_B4","article-title":"A scoring system for evaluation and treatment of neonatal abstinence syndrome: A new clinical and research tool","volume-title":"Basics and Therapeutic Aspects of Perinatal Pharmacology","author":"Finnegan","year":"1975"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120906113258900_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3212","article-title":"Neonatal drug withdrawal.","volume":"129","author":"HUDAK","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120906113258900_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1097\/NMC.0b013e31826e978e","article-title":"Neonatal abstinence syndrome: therapeutic interventions.","volume":"38","author":"Sublett","year":"2013","journal-title":"MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs"},{"key":"2021120906113258900_B7","first-page":"71","article-title":"Treatment of drug addiction by acupuncture and electrical stimulation.","volume":"1","author":"Wen","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am J Acupunct"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120906113258900_B8","first-page":"35","article-title":"An acupuncture programme for the treatment of drug-addicted persons.","volume":"40","author":"Smith","year":"1988","journal-title":"Bull Narc"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021120906113258900_B9","article-title":"NADA: Celebrating 20 Years.","volume":"6","author":"Voyles","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acupunct Today (Huntingt Beach)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120906113258900_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1136\/acupmed-2012-010277","article-title":"Trials of acupuncture for drug dependence: a recommendation for hypotheses based on the literature.","volume":"31","author":"White","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acupunct Med"},{"key":"2021120906113258900_B11","first-page":"124","article-title":"Reduction of methadone dosage and relief of depression and anxiety by 2\/100 Hz tens for heroin detoxification.","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chin J Drug Depend"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120906113258900_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-008-9336-4","article-title":"A meta-analysis of acupuncture combined with opioid receptor agonists for treatment of opiate-withdrawal symptoms.","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120906113258900_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8546-7-14","article-title":"Effects of transcutaneous electric acupoint stimulation on drug use and responses to cue-induced craving: a pilot study.","volume":"7","author":"Penetar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120906113258900_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1080\/00207450500341472","article-title":"The mechanism of acupuncture and clinical applications.","volume":"116","author":"Cab\u00fdoglu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120906113258900_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2005.04.016","article-title":"The mesolimbic dopamine system: the final common pathway for the reinforcing effect of drugs of abuse?","volume":"30","author":"Pierce","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120906113258900_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.09.052","article-title":"Effect of acupuncture on naloxone-precipitated withdrawal syndrome in morphine-experienced rats: the mediation of GABA receptors.","volume":"504","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120906113258900_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2004.07.095","article-title":"Acupuncture-mediated inhibition of ethanol-induced dopamine release in the rat nucleus accumbens through the GABAB receptor.","volume":"369","author":"Yoon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"2021120906113258900_B18"},{"key":"2021120906113258900_B19"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021120906113258900_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073809351314","article-title":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging activation of the brain in children: real acupoint versus sham acupoint.","volume":"25","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120906113258900_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2015.91","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of acupuncture in children: an overview of systematic reviews.","volume":"78","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"2021120906113258900_B22"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120906113258900_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-004-0296-8","article-title":"Laser acupuncture: past, present, and future.","volume":"19","author":"Whittaker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"2021120906113258900_B24"},{"key":"2021120906113258900_B25"},{"key":"2021120906113258900_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346852","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/346852","article-title":"Near-infrared spectroscopy for objectifying cerebral effects of laser acupuncture in term and preterm neonates.","volume":"2013","author":"Raith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"2021120906113258900_B27","first-page":"247","article-title":"Management of neonatal narcotic abstinence utilizing a phenobarbital loading dose method.","volume":"27","author":"Finnegan","year":"1979","journal-title":"NIDA Res Monogr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120906113258900_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2009.9987","article-title":"ABM clinical protocol #21: guidelines for breastfeeding and the drug-dependent woman.","volume":"4","author":"Jansson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Breastfeed Med"},{"key":"2021120906113258900_B29"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120906113258900_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1136\/aim.7.1.21","article-title":"A new standard international acupuncture nomenclature.","volume":"7","author":"Jenkins","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acupunct Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120906113258900_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1136\/aim.2009.001370","article-title":"Revised STandards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture (STRICTA): extending the CONSORT statement.","volume":"28","author":"MacPherson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acupunct Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120906113258900_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02802.x","article-title":"Finnegan neonatal abstinence scoring system: normal values for first 3 days and weeks 5-6 in non-addicted infants.","volume":"105","author":"Zimmermann-Baer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120906113258900_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1002\/pst.185","article-title":"Sample size of 12 per group rule of thumb for a pilot study.","volume":"4","author":"Julious","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharm Stat"},{"key":"2021120906113258900_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-13-104","article-title":"An audit of sample sizes for pilot and feasibility trials being undertaken in the United Kingdom registered in the United Kingdom Clinical Research Network database.","volume":"13","author":"Billingham","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120906113258900_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.2307\/2530051","article-title":"Analysis of covariance using the rank transformation.","volume":"38","author":"Conover","year":"1982","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021120906113258900_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-009-0735-3","article-title":"Two nosocomial norovirus outbreaks in the neonatal intensive and intermediate care unit.","volume":"28","author":"Sommer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120906113258900_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2010.01986.x","article-title":"Norovirus as cause of benign convulsion associated with gastro-enteritis.","volume":"47","author":"Chan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120906113258900_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1089\/acu.2011.0818","article-title":"Auricular acupressure augmentation of standard medical management of the neonatal narcotic abstinence syndrome.","volume":"23","author":"Schwartz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Acupunct"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120906113258900_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.7453\/gahmj.2012.1.4.007","article-title":"Non-insertive acupuncture and neonatal abstinence syndrome: a case series from an inner city safety net hospital.","volume":"1","author":"Filippelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Glob Adv Health Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120906113258900_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2009.0340","article-title":"Detection of psychic ear acupuncture points in a newborn infant with neonatal abstinence syndrome.","volume":"16","author":"Raith","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Altern Complement Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120906113258900_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1136\/acupmed-2014-010638","article-title":"Laser acupuncture as an adjuvant therapy for a neonate with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) due to maternal substitution therapy: additional value of acupuncture.","volume":"32","author":"Raith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acupunct Med"},{"key":"2021120906113258900_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/1747-597X-7-48","article-title":"Auricular acupuncture for chemically dependent pregnant women: a randomized controlled trial of the NADA protocol.","volume":"7","author":"Janssen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120906113258900_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.10.004","article-title":"Laser acupuncture in children with headache: a double-blind, randomized, bicenter, placebo-controlled trial.","volume":"137","author":"Gottschling","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120906113258900_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/81.4.529","article-title":"Laser stimulation of acupuncture point P6 reduces postoperative vomiting in children undergoing strabismus surgery.","volume":"81","author":"Schlager","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"2021120906113258900_B45","unstructured":"World Association for Laser Therapy. Dosage recommendations. http:\/\/waltza.co.za\/documentation-links\/recommendations\/dosage-recommendations. Accessed September 4, 2015"},{"key":"2021120906113258900_B46","first-page":"124","article-title":"Laser in acupuncture.","author":"P\u00f6tinen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hippokrates"},{"key":"2021120906113258900_B47","article-title":"Acupuncture reduces pain and autonomic distress during injection of local anesthetic in children: a pragmatic crossover investigation [published online ahead of print February 25, 2015].","author":"Usichenko","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"2021120906113258900_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-014-0105-3","article-title":"Acupuncture in the treatment of infantile colic.","volume":"41","author":"Landgren","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120906113258900_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-2377","article-title":"Morphine versus clonidine for neonatal abstinence syndrome.","volume":"135","author":"Bada","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120906113258900_B50","first-page":"185","article-title":"Methods in neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS): results of a nationwide survey in Austria [in German]","volume":"219","author":"Bauchinger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol"},{"issue":"24","key":"2021120906113258900_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2320","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1005359","article-title":"Neonatal abstinence syndrome after methadone or buprenorphine exposure.","volume":"363","author":"Jones","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120906113258900_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s11326-006-0022-1","article-title":"Opoid dependence: state-of-the-art treatment.","volume":"2","author":"Fischer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychiatr Psychother"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120906113258900_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.04.001","article-title":"Determining the efficacy of auricular acupuncture for reducing anxiety in patients withdrawing from psychoactive drugs.","volume":"41","author":"Black","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"2021120906113258900_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2010.01.004","article-title":"Infant autonomic functioning and neonatal abstinence syndrome.","volume":"109","author":"Jansson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120906113258900_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e188","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12910","article-title":"Prematurity reduces the severity and need for treatment of neonatal abstinence syndrome.","volume":"104","author":"Ruwanpathirana","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/136\/5\/876\/1094067\/peds_2015-0676.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/136\/5\/876\/1094067\/peds_2015-0676.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T00:29:26Z","timestamp":1639096166000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/136\/5\/876\/33800\/Laser-Acupuncture-for-Neonatal-Abstinence-Syndrome"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2015-0676","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]]}}}